119 
1921.] Philllpps. — Edible Fishes op New Zealand. 
40. Retropinna retropinna (Richardson). Smelt. 
Called “ paraki ” by the Maoris of Arahura, on the west coast of 
the South Island. The young, presumably a year old, commence to run 
up-stream from tidal estuaries of large rivers in October, and continue 
till after Christmas. 
Spawning season : Adults running down-stream in October have 
repeatedly been taken from which the ova came away freely. 
Distribution : New Zealand coasts. 
41. Anguilla australis Richardson. Common Eel; Tuna. 
Examples received from Lake Wairarapa are occasionally exposed 
for sale in Wellington. Young of this species run up the South Island 
rivers in October. 
Distribution : South Island and southern portion of North Island. 
42. Leptocephalus conger (Linnaeus). Conger-eel; Koiro. 
Called 44 matamoe 55 by the Maoris of Arahura. Commonly taken by 
the trawlers around the North Island, but rarer farther south. 
Distribution : New Zealand coasts. 
43. Congermuraena habenata (Richardson). Silver-eel. 
Called 44 hao ” by the Arahura Maoris. Rare in Auckland and 
Wellington markets, and not greatly utilized as a food fish. 
Distribution : New Zealand coasts (not recorded from Bay of 
Islands). 
44. Muraena krullii Hector. Yellow Eel; Puhikorokoro. 
Occasionally seen in Auckland markets. Abundant, Bay of Islands. 
Distribution : Known from Hauraki Gulf and North Auckland 
Peninsula. 
45. Galaxias brevipinnis Gunther. Gudgeon. 
The larval form is utilized for food in the spring and early summer 
months by the natives in the Thermal District, North Island. 
Distribution : Known from lakes in the northern half of the South 
Island, the Waikato River, and thermal lakes. 
46. Galaxias attenuatus (Jenyns). Minnow; Inanga. 
In a previous paper* I have summarized the life-history of this 
species ; but from reliable information received from Mr. W. B. Braddon, 
of Hokitika, and others it seems apparent that spawning takes place 
during March in the tidal estuaries, the young being carried out to sea 
and returning later. 
Distribution : New Zealand rivers. 
47. Galaxias huttoni Regan. Koaro. 
Vast shoals appear in Lake Roto-aira in November. The Maoris 
in the vicinity allege that this species leaves the body of the lake in 
the autumn and enters underground streams and channels, where it 
spawns and remains throughout the winter. 
Distribution : I have recorded examples from Lakes Roto-aira and 
Roto-pounamu. 
48. Prototroctes oxyrhynchus Gunther. Grayling ; Upokororo. 
Still to be found in a number of streams on the west coast of the 
South Island. Highly esteemed as a food fish by Maoris and settlers 
An example has recently been taken from a stream in Taranaki. 
Spawning season: The grayling are found in the brackish water in 
the estuaries of rivers in April. Old settlers consider this to be the 
spawning season. 
Distribution : New Zealand rivers and streams. 
* W. J. Phillipps, Life-history of the Fish Galaxias attenuatus, Australian Zoologist 
vol. 1, pt. 7, 1919. 
