268 The N.Z. Journal of Science and Technology. [Nov. 
occupy or occupied the most distant or least attractive portions of the 
outer zone. Next come the Negro ; and then is a zone including the 
Dra vidian races, the aborigines of Australia, and probably the Botocudo 
of Brazil. Within, in succession, follow the Iberian, Aryan, and early 
Mongolian zones, even more fully represented in the New World than in 
the Old. Lastly are the late Mongolian peoples, occupying the highlands 
of Tibet and the north-west of China.” 
In the more recent paper an attempt is made to show how these 
migrations from central Asia occurred, and to correlate with them the 
evolution of the culture of the folk composing them. With this end in view 
Dr. Taylor examines the various tests of race, and selects cephalic index 
as his standard. Colour, he decides, is far less permanent, being pro¬ 
foundly affected by climate. “ The sequence yellow, white-olive-brown, 
dark brown (black) occurs in every direction round Tibet, except perhaps 
in the little-known Brazilian region. Thus the colour evidence on the 
whole agrees very well with the migration zones based on anatomical 
material.” 
Dr. Taylor then embarks on the ambitious task of indicating the origin 
and relationships of the principal races of mankind, and of their cultures 
and languages. 
It has not often happened that a new adherent to any science has 
made his bow through a piece of work of such interest and importance as 
Dr. Taylor’s discussion of the broad question of climate in its relation to human 
history. Here he supports strongly the view set out by Huntington in 
The Pulse of Asia ; but he makes original contributions of his own, especially 
on the subject of the corridors along which successive great migrations 
have passed. In the course of this discussion Dr. Taylor introduces into 
ethnology with good effect the geological concept of a shatter-belt, which 
will probably prove as fruitful as Holland’s contact metamorphism. “ Just 
as there are lines of weakness in the crust,” says Dr. Taylor, “ along which 
earth-movements take place, era after era, so there are corridors along 
which tribes migrate, age after age. In both cases the margins are rent, 
pushed aside, and in part absorbed.” And in another place, “ The main 
line of disruption occurs all along the great corridor from the Malayan 
region, through China, eastern Siberia, and the western coast of America. 
Here the debris of primitive tribes is left like the line of shattered and 
altered rocks which marks the course of a great line of disruption in the 
earth’s crust.” This geological conception and the discussion of climate 
constitute what will probably prove to be permanent contributions to the 
science of ethnology. 
Of very different value is Dr. Taylor’s handling of the facts and theories 
of race, culture, and language. He is moving here in a region with which 
he is not familiar, yet here he speaks more confidently and with far less 
qualification than in the fields of which he has an acknowledged right to 
speak. The following are a few of many points that catch the attention of 
a reader : By what authority does Dr. Taylor create a Mousterian race as 
distinct from the Neanderthal ? Why, also, does he state, in flat contra¬ 
diction to facts long acknowledged by every anthropologist, that the 
Neanderthalers were tall ? And why, if he feels bound to create an 
“ Aurignacian race,” does he make them stunted and short ? There is, 
in fact, no valid reason why the well-established practice of applying the 
berms “ Mousterian ” and “ Aurignacian ” to cultures or industries should 
be abandoned in favour of Dr. Taylor’s racial usage. His treatment of 
