CONTENTS. 
v 
II.—THE OX. 
1 .—the wild or white forest breed. 
Existence of a race ot Wild Oxen in the ancient forests of Europe; 
confounded by writers with the Bison.—Existence of this race in 
England, and, until the sixteenth century, in the great central fo¬ 
rests of Scotland.—Its preservation in the parks of individuals, 
of Noith and South Britain. Characters and habits of the race as 
it is found in the unreclaimed state.—Ancient notices of the same 
race in Wales; its preservation in that country in the state of do¬ 
mestication ; its existence in the Pyrenees, and in other parts of 
Europe. Examination of the characters of the wild race, and the 
proofs that it is identical with the cattle inhabiting the mountains 
of Scotland and Wales, . . . Pages 1-4 
2.—THE PEMBROKE BREED. 
The Pembroke Breed, a variety of the mountain cattle of Wales._De¬ 
scription of the breed; its form, size, and colour of the skin, and 
the adaptation of the females to the dairy.—The Anglesea Breed; 
allied in its essential characters to the Pembroke, but of coarser 
form.—General character of the other mountain races of Wales ; 
their affinity with one another, and consequent descent from a com¬ 
mon stock.—Means to be employed for improving the breeds of 
Wales.—District of Castle-Martin, . . . 5_0 
3—THE WEST HIGHLAND BREED. 
The West Highland Breed, a variety of the races occupying the pri¬ 
mary mountains of North Britain.—Relation between the moun¬ 
tain cattle of Scotland and the ancient Uri sylvestres.—Description 
of the West Highland Breed; its form, size, colour, and properties. 
—Races of the central and northern Highlands.—Economical im¬ 
portance of these Breeds, their adaptation to a country of heaths 
and mountains, and the means of improving them, . 7—8 
§ HISTORY OF THE OX. 
Division of the Bovine family into three groups, the Bisontine, the Bu- 
baline, and the Taurine.—The Bison; its existence in the woods of 
the Caucasus, and its preservation in the imperial Forest of Bia- 
lowieza.—Natural history of the European Bison.—Bison of Ame¬ 
rica, and the Musk-Ox of the northern glacial regions.—The Bisons 
of Central Asia.—The Yak of Tartary.—The Buffalo; its diffu¬ 
sion over the countries of the East, and its introduction into Europe. 
—The Buffaloes of Africa, and the notices of travellers regarding 
those of the interior.—The Cape Buffalo.—The Gayal or Jungle 
Ox of India; its relation to the Taurine family; and its domesti¬ 
cation in the countries ot the East.—The Common or Domestica¬ 
ted Ox; its division into two groups, the Zebu, and the Ox of 
Western Asia and Europe.—Origin of the domesticated Ox.— 
Early domestication of the Ox.—His connection with the mytholo¬ 
gical systems of the first nations, and the estimation in which his 
services have been held in every age.—Natural history of the Ox; 
his habitudes, properties, and services.—Multiplication of the Ox 
in the state of liberty in the plains of South America, and the 
characters and habits of the emancipated herds.—The Zebus of 
Africa and the East.—Size and form of the Ox as influenced by 
climate, the supplies of food, and domestication.—Diversity of the 
races naturalized in the British Islands.—Form of the Ox with re¬ 
lation to his economical uses, . . . i—xxii. 
4.—THE ZETLAND BREED. 
The Zetland Breed, of Norwegian origin, and distinct from the races of 
the Highland mountains—Description of the Zetland Breed; its 
small size, soft skin, and varied colours ; the precocity and milching 
properties of the females.—The cattle of the Orkney Islands ; their 
mixed origin and properties.—Means of improving the races of 
these Islands, ..... 9-10 
5.—THE KERRY BREED. 
Its naturalization in the mountains of the West of Ireland.—Descrip¬ 
tion of the breed; its small size, power of subsisting on scanty food, 
and the admirable adaptation of the cows to the domestic dairy. 
—'Diffusion of the breed over Ireland, and its value to the poor in¬ 
habitants ; neglect of the breed, and the diminution of its numbers 
by mixture with other races.—The Dexter variety of the Kerry 
Breed, and its origin.—Error of neglecting the cultivation of a breed, 
scarcely surpassed by any other for the yielding of milk, and sub¬ 
sisting on scanty food, .... 11-12 
6 .—THE POLLED ANGUS BREED. 
The cultivation of the Angus Breed in the plains and less elevated parts 
of the counties of Forfar and Kincardine.-A Description of the 
breed; its conformation and properties; its colour and the absence 
of horns.—Improvement of the Breed, and its extension to other- 
districts, 13—14 
7.—THE GALLOWAY BREED. 
Its naturalization in the south-western parts of Scotland; its peculiar 
form, and the absence of horns; its hardiness and adaptation to the 
countries in which it is reared.—Estimation in which it is held for 
the purposes of grazing, and the supplies which it affords to the 
markets of consumption, . 15—16 
8 .—THE POLLED SUFFOLK BREED. 
The cultivation of this Breed for a period unknown in the county of Suf¬ 
folk and the neighbouring districts.—Description of the breed; its 
colour generally of a mouse-dun; the absence of horns ; the defects 
of its form; and the admirable fitness of the cows for yielding milk. 
Origin of the breed; neglect with which it has been treated; 
and diminution of its numbers by the effects of intermixtui'e.__ 
Attempts to improve it for the purpose of rendering it suited for 
g razin g’ • • . • . .17-18 
9.—THE DEVON BREED. 
The Devon Breed, naturalized beyond any records in the county of De¬ 
von, and brought to its greatest perfection in the high-lands stretch¬ 
ing along the southern side of the Bristol Channel.—Description 
of the breed; its light, graceful, and agile form ; and adaptation be¬ 
yond all other British races to the purposes of active labour._ 
Smallness of the females, and their deficiency in the power of yield¬ 
ing milk.—Defects of the breed, and the extent to which they may 
be lessened or removed.—The South Devon variety of the same 
breed.—Its larger size and less delicate form, . 19-20 
10.—THE SUSSEX BREED. 
The Sussex Breed, a variety of the Devon, but of coarser form and 
greater bulk of body.—Description of the Breed ; its properties and 
defects; its employment for draught and adaptation to that ser¬ 
vice..—Comparison between the Horse and the Ox for the purposes 
of farm labour, . 21 - 2 ^ 
11. —THE GLAMORGAN BREED. 
County of Glamorgan, and naturalization in it of a race of cattle which 
have assumed a common class of characters.—Difference in the 
size and figure of the Glamorgan cattle, as they are the natives of 
the hilly country, or of the lower and maritime.—Description of 
the improved Glamorgan Breed; its size, form, colour, the quality 
of the flesh, and adaptation of the cows to the uses of the dairy._Im¬ 
provement of the breed by crossing, and by adhering to the native 
stock.—Limited district to which the improved Glamorgan are 
confined, and the effects, . . _ 23- 9 4 
12. —THE AYRSHIRE BREED. 
The Ayrshire Breed, derived from the county of that name, and reared 
extensively tor the uses of the dairy.—Former rudeness of the 
agi iculture ot this part ot Scotland, and recent formation of the 
