52 
THE OX. 
THE SHORT-HORNED BREED. 
is the practice to preserve and record tlie pedigrees of the animals employed in breeding, their descent being usually deduced 
from the stock of some distinguished breeder, and traced, more or less remotely, to that of the Collings. Various breeders de¬ 
vote their attention exclusively to the rearing of bulls, as was practised by Bakewell and the breeders of the Dishley stock; but 
innumerable agriculturists, in the ordinary practice of the farm, bestow assiduous care on the perfecting of their stock by selection 
and careful culture, so that increasing numbers of animals, of the first class, are now every year produced throughout the 
country. 
The Durham, or improved Teeswater Breed, differs nearly as much from the older cattle of the Tees as the Dishley Breed 
of Long-horns from the older race from which it was derived. The height is less, but the trunk is more round and deep ; the 
o 
limbs are shorter in proportion to the depth of body, and the chest, back, and loin, more broad, so that with less appai ent bulk of 
body the weight is usually greater. The skin is light-coloured, and the hair reddish-brown or white, either separate or mixed. 
The muzzle is flesh-coloured, and rarely black, the appearance of which colour on the skin indicates the revival of a character of 
the older varieties, which modern breeders study to exclude. The horns are shorter than in the former breed, light-coloured, 
blunt, and sometimes laterally flattened. The skin is soft to the touch, the general foim scjuaie and massive, the shouldei 
upright, and the hind-quarter large. The uprightness of the shoulder produces a hollowness behind, which does not exist 
in the same degree in the Devons, the Herefords, and other varieties allied to them. The uprightness of the shoulder is 
regarded as a defect, but it were more correct to say that it is a character in harmony with the squareness of form distinctive 
of the breed. Although Colling preferred cattle of a medium size, yet the breed being derived from one of great bulk 
of body, there is a constant tendency to the production of large animals. The breed communicates its characters readily to 
all others, and the first progeny, even with races the most dissimilar, is usually fine. The females retain, in a considerable 
degree, the properties of the Holstein race, in yielding a large quantity of milk, in which respect they greatly excel the Long¬ 
horns, the Herefords, and the Devons. In the property of yielding milk, however, the new breed is inferior to the older and 
less cultivated one, showing that refinement in breeding, and the greater tendency to produce fat, are unfavourable to the 
secretion of milk. Individual cows, indeed, are found to retain the milching properties of the older race, but this is an excep¬ 
tion to the common result. The Oxen are eminently distinguished by the property of arriving at early maturity of muscle and 
fatness. Great numbers of them are now disposed of at the age of about twenty-four months, in the highest perfection, and ol a 
weight at which no other cattle in Europe arrive at the same age. 
This highly cultivated breed, it has been seen, extended from the district of the Tees, as from a centre, as soon as its value 
became known. It quickly spread northward all through Durham and Northumberland into the valley of the Tweed, and in 
later years, it has extended northward through the eastern lowlands of Scotland to the Pentland Firth, and is now mingling with 
Names. 
Ketton. 
Young Favourite 
George. 
Sir Dimple. 
Narcissus. 
Albion. 
Cecil. 
Names. 
Phoebe. 
Young Duchess 
Young Laura ... 
Young Countess 
Lucy.. 
Charlotte. 
Johanna.. 
Names. 
Lucilla.. 
Calista.. 
White Rose 
Ruby . 
Cowslip . 
BULL-CALVES, UNDER ONE YEAR OLD 
Out of 
Cherry 
Countess . 
Lady .. 
Daisy . 
Flora.. 
Beauty.... 
Peeress .. 
Price. 
Got by Gs. Bought by 
Comet. 50 R. Bower, Esq. Wellburn, Yorkshire. 
Do. .. 140 -Skipworth, Esq., Lincolnshire. 
D 0 . 130 -Walker, Esq., Rotherham. 
Do. 90 T. Lax, Esq., Ravensworth. 
Do. 15 C. Wright, Esq. Cleasby, Yorkshire. 
Do. 60 T. Booth, Esq., near Catterick, Yorkshire. 
Do. 170 H. Strickland, Esq., Boynton, Yorkshire. 
Age. Out of 
3 Dam by Favourite .. 
2 Do. . 
2 Laura. 
2 Countess . 
2 Dam by Washington 
1 Cathelene. 
1 Johanna . 
655 
HEIFERS. 
Price. 
Got by Gs. Bought by 
Comet. 105 Sir H. Ibbetson, Bart. Denton Park. 
Do. . 183 T. Bates, Esq., Halton Castle, Northumberland. 
Do. 101 Earl of Lonsdale. 
Do. 206 Sir H. Ibbetson. 
Do. 132 C. Wright, Esq. Cleasby. 
Do. 136 R. Colling, Esq. 
Do. 35 G. Johnson, Esq., Yorkshire. 
898 
IIEIFER-CALVES, UNDER ONE YEAR OLD. 
Out of 
Laura. 
Cora. 
Eily. 
Red Rose. 
Price. 
Got by Gs. Bought by 
Comet . 106 -Grant, Esq. Wyham, Lincolnshire. 
Do. . 50 Sir H. V. Tempest, Bart., Winyard, Durham. 
Yarbro’. 75 K. Strickland, Esq. Boynton, Yorkshire. 
Do. . 50 R. Bower, Esq. Welburn. 
Comet .. 25 Earl of Lonsdale. 
Bailey’s Report on the County of Durham. 
306 
