SrSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION. 
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TWENTY-SIX ORDERS. 
The foregoing twenty-four Classes were subdivided into twenty-six Orders , accord¬ 
ing to the number of pistils or distinct stigmata, as far as the twelfth order, inclusive; 
and above that the differences were founded on other peculiarities. It is not to be under¬ 
stood that each Class had twenty-six subdivisions known as Orders, but that this distribu¬ 
tion formed a basis for thus distinguishing as many Orders as might be found by actual 
observation. The Class twelve or thirteen, for instance, might be comprehensive enough 
to give scope for the elaborate subdivision into twenty-six Orders, while most others 
would seldom reach beyond five, and many might have only one, two or three. The 
orders were as follows: 
1. Monogynia, with one pistil. 
2. Digynia, with two pistils. 
3 - Trigynia, with three pistils. 
4. Tetragynia, with four pistils. 
5. Pentagvnia, with five pistils. 
6. Hexagynia, with six pistils. 
7. Heptagynia, with seven pistils. 
S. Octogvnia, with eight pistils. 
9. Enneagynia, with nine pistils. 
10. Decagynia, with ten pistils. 
11. Dodecagynia, with twelve pistils. 
12. Polygynia, with many pistils. 
13. Gymnospermia, with naked seeds. 
H- Angiospermia, with covered seeds. 
15. Siliquosa, with seeds in siliques, or long pods. 
16. Siliculosa, with seeds in silicles, or short pods. 
17. Monogamia, having some florets with stamens 
and others with pistils. 
18. I olygamia equalis, all florets having stamens 
and pistils. 
19. Polygamia segregata, each floret having a sepa¬ 
rate calyx. 
20. Moncecia, having stamens and pistils on sepa¬ 
rate flowers of the same plant. 
21. Dioecia, having stamens and pistils on two 
plants. 
22. Trioecia, having stamens and pistils on three 
plants. ^ 
23. Filices, Ferns. 
24. Musci, Mosses. 
25. Hepatic*, Liverworts. 
26. Algae and I ungi, Seaweeds, Lichens, Funguses. 
JVdL T IIII A. 1/ Oil I) 1C IIS OF IsIJSTJSTAEITS. 
No one was more sensible of the need of a natural classification of plants than the 
distinguished author of this artificial system, who declared that a method of classification, 
based on the true intrinsic differences of plants, was “ the first and last desideratum in 
botany;” and he accordingly busied himself in arranging such a method, leaving as his 
contribution in that direction the following fifty-eight families: 
1. Palm* — Palms. XI 
2. Piper it* — Arums. 
3. Calamari* — Sedges. I2 . 
4. Gramine*—Grasses. 
5. Tripetaloide* — Rushes. I+ . 
6. Ensat* — Sword-leaved, as the Iris. nj. 
7. Orchide* — Orchids. x6. 
8. Scitamine* — Dainty plants, as the Banana. 
9- Spathace* — Sheathed, as the Narcissus. 17. 
10. Coronari* — Crown-bearing, as the Lily Family. 
4*5 
Sarmentace* — Runner-bearing, as the Straw¬ 
berry. 
Ilolorace* — Whole-rooted, as the Goosefoot. 
Succulent* — Succulent, as the Purslane. 
Gruinales — Crane-bill, as the Geranium. 
Inundat*—Pond-weeds, as the Potomageton. 
Calyciflor*—Where the calyx-tube encloses 
the ovary, as the Oleaster. 
Calycanthem* — With the stamens inserted in 
the throat of the calyx, as the Melastomas. 
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