28 
an attitude of defiance. This in war was pushed forward, 
whether carved on club, paddle, meri, or axe, as a mark of 
insult to the enemy. 
5. Tiki, or household god, of green jade, which passes as an heir¬ 
loom amongst families (New Zealand). The meaning of tiki 
is ancestor. This is exhibited to show the power possessed 
by the aborigines of working in this hard material. 
6. Serpentine adze (New Zealand). 
7. Stone hatchet, made from a species of madrepore (South Sea 
Islands). 
8. Stone hatchet (New Zealand). 
9. Hand hatchet, made from the shell of a species of turtle, used 
by the natives of New Guinea (obtained during the voyage of 
H.M.S. Rattlesnake, August, 1849). 
10. Adze of basaltic stone (New Zealand). 
11. Jade adze (New Zealand). 
12. Flint-tipped arrow (Canada), from the Portsmouth Philoso¬ 
phical Institution. 
13. Two stone arrowpoints (Canada). 
14. Stone hammer (Australia) called in various dialects koit or 
kadjo . This implement is made of two pieces of* stone, 
cemented to a short stick by means of the judibi or prepared 
gum of the Barro or tuft-topped Xanthorrcea. It is used in 
climbing trees, in throwing at 4 and killing animals, in breaking 
down grass trees, and for the common purposes of the axe and 
the hammer. (From the Portsmouth Philosophical Insti¬ 
tution). 
15. Knife (Australia), made from chippings of “ bottle glass,” set 
in the gum of the Xantliorroea. Before glass was obtainable, 
chippings of stone were used. This implement is known as 
taap, tabba, or dappa. (From the Portsmouth Philosophical 
Institution). 
16. Gum of the grass tree, used by the aborigines in mounting 
their weapons (Xanthorrcea hastilis) (Queensland, Australia). 
Presented by the Queensland Commissioners of the Exhibition, 
1862, per M. H Marsh, Esq., M.P . 
17. Meri of basaltic stone (New Zealand). Meri and patili are 
the native names of this formidable weapon, which in Europe 
has received the much longer title of patapattoo. Examples 
of this weapon occur in wood, bone, basaltic stone, and jade 
(pounamu, which the natives obtained from Tovy Pounamu, 
the most southern of the two islands of New Zealand). The 
handle of the meri is perforated for the admittance of a loop, 
which was passed round the warrior’s wrist; when not in use 
the weapon was thrust through the waist girdle. 
