25 
84. Flint arrow-points. 
85 and 86. Ditto, F. J. 
87. Flint arrow-point, with notches for thong, attempted to be 
made by “Flint Jack,” as a fac-simile of a specimen in the 
collection of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin (see plate 9, 
fig. 2). 
88. Flint flame-shaped arrow-point—in like manner the abortive 
attempt of “ Flint Jack ” to copy an obsidian arrow-point 
(Mexican) in the collection of Mr. Christy, London (see 
sketch of the original in Case ). 
89. Flint sling-stone, F. J. 
90 and 91. Flint implements, F. J. (see fig. 37 on diagram). 
92. Flint saw, F. J. 
93. Flint file, F. J. 
94. Flint drill, F. J. 
95 and 96. Flint tools, F. J. 
97. Flint skin-scraper, F. J. 
98 to 101. Gun flints, English form . 
102 to 106. Ditto, form called French cut . 106 is made of agate 
and not of flint. 98 to 106 are shown as examples of the process 
of flaking , whilst the two following (Nos. 107 and 108), are 
exhibited as specimens of chipping practised in modern times. 
107 and 108. Gun flints, Turkey, chipped into form. 
Our word flint in old German means a gun , what we call flint 
being known flint stein or flint steen (gunstone) ; the term gun-flint 
is, therefore, complete tautology. We might borrow an idea from 
the French pierre a fusil, or the German feur stein, and call this sub¬ 
stance flint-stone (gunstone), even in so doing we should but per¬ 
petuate the memory of a nearly obsolete application of the material. 
A great number of gunflints were made in this neighbourhood 
principally for army contracts, and the workmen found that the 
flint flaked more readily when recently taken from the chalk pit, a 
fact with which “ Flint Jack” was well acquainted. 
The process of making gunflints consists of three operations. 
The first, called quartering , is performed with hammer (plate 7, 
fig. 6), and is the mere separation of the nodule into pieces of 
suitable size and shape. The second, flaking , needs the pointed 
hammer (plate 7, fig. 7), in order that the blow whilst it is smart 
may also be concentrated. The shock given to the block in this 
process separates flakes from the mass, which, from the conchoidal 
(shell-shaped) fracture of flint, taper down to a point. (See 
plate 4.) 
In the operations of quartering and flaking the flint blocks are 
held by the workman between his knees; but in the third and last 
process, knapping , the flakes are rested on the neck of the solid 
stake (plate 7, fig. 9), a piece of iron which is let into a block of 
wood, and upon which the workman squares them by means of the 
knapping hammer. (Plate 7, fig. 8.) 
E 
