WE MEET THE CHURCHES 215 
Chukches, however, did not know what I meant 
when I used the name but finally one of them said 
“Irkaipij.” He repeated it again and again and 
at last I understood that it was another name for 
the same place. I laid a lot of matches on the 
chart, showing our course, and the same man, by 
means of these matches, indicated that at Cape 
North were several arangas. From the presence 
of cooking utensils, tea and tobacco I concluded, 
and, as I learned later, correctly, that I should run 
across Russian traders here and there on our march. 
I wondered whether these Chukches were travel¬ 
lers and ever left the coast to journey into the in¬ 
terior of the country. By drawing pictures of 
trees and reindeer on the chart I found that I 
could make them understand what I wanted to 
know; then by marking on the chart they showed 
me that they made journeys of fifteen sleeps’ dura¬ 
tion before they reached the reindeer country. I 
learned afterwards that there were two kinds of 
natives, the coast Eskimo and the deer men, the 
latter a hardier type of man than the former. 
The coast natives get their living by hunting, their 
chief game being walrus, seal and bear. Some of 
them have large skin-boats for travelling from set¬ 
tlement to settlement, covering in this way con¬ 
siderable stretches of coast. They do not go out 
upon the drift ice. Two years before, so Katakto- 
