i, n. litharge, the scum, froth, spume or 
, dross of silver, made into a hard mass. 
Plin. 
LITHIZoNTES (XlS'lIcov, stone-like), m. 
pi. those Indian carbuncles which had a 
faint brilliancy, and were of a brown-yel¬ 
low color, of the garnet sort. Plin. 
LiITHoSPeRMON {\i§6<nrepynv), i, n. the 
herb gromioell or stone-crop. Plin. 
UTHoSTRoTOS (Ai-S6(t rpcoTog), a, um, 
3 adj. laid with stones. Varro. pavimen- 
tutn, a pavement composed of small pieces 
of marble of different colors ; a tcsselated 
or mosaic pavement. Id. Lithostrotum 
(absol.), mosaic work. 
LITICEN (lituus & cano), inis, m. one 
3 who blows a comet (lituus); a corneter. 
Varr._ 
LITIGaNS, tis. See Liligo. 
JjITIGaTGR (litigo), oris, m. a word 
2 which first occurs in writers of the sil¬ 
ver age, a person who has a dispute or 
contest. — Before a court, a party in a 
suit, a litigant, cpiorfis. Quintil. Liti¬ 
gator rusticus. Sueton. Appellationes 
urbanorum litigatorum. — Not in court, 
for instance, in literary controversies, a 
disputant. Lactant. 
LITIGATOS (Id.), us, m. a lawsuit, pro 
2 cess. Quintil. declam. 
LiTIGIoSuS (litigium), a, ipn, adj. full 
of dispute and wrangling, quarrelsome, 
contentious. Cic. Longa et satis litigio- 
sadisputatio. — In particular, full of 
controversy, filled with Imcsuits. Ovid. 
forum. - IT Also, in controversy, in 
dispute, h. e. being the subject of a contro¬ 
versy or suit, disputed, (lie. prmdiolum. 
— IT Also , fond of controversies or law¬ 
suits, litigious, quarrelsome, contentious, 
ijiiMSiKo;. Cic. Hominem minime liti- 
giosum. Sidon. Du® anus, quibus ni¬ 
hil unquam Iitigiosius, bibacius, voma- 
cius erit. Augustin. Homines pertina- 
cissimi, et litigiosissimi. 
LITIGIUM (Id.), ii, n. contention, wran- 
3 gling , quarrel, strife, epig, in court or 
out. Plaut. 
LiTIGS (for litem ago), as, avi, atum, n. 
1. to strive, contend, quarrel, wrangle, 
dispute, debate, generally ; and particu¬ 
larly, to contend judicially, be engaged in 
a lawsuit, litigate; dpfiiir/Iqreto, ipVjw. 
Cic. Hirtium cum Quinto acerrime pro 
me litigasse. Plaut. inter se de aliqua 
re. Petron. cum ventis, to wrestle with 
the winds; contend to no purpose. Cic. 
Litigare fratres, et judiciis turpibus 
conflictari. Id. In causis litigare. - 
n Hence, Litigans, a disputant, wran¬ 
gler. Not in court. Gell. — In court, 
, r ~ ai 2 arltes ! the parties litigant. Plin. 
i ® (according to Varr. for luto, from 
mo; yoss. prefers Airi), suppliant 
Prayers,supplication), as, ajvi, atum, n. 
aad a. 1. to present an offering, make a sac- 
ryice, which (as appears from the result of 
me inspection of the victim) is acceptable to 
ie gods, and consequently affords an as¬ 
surance that a contemplated enterprise may 
M 00 ffiienced; it may be rendered, to 
sacrifice under favorable auspices, to ob- 
wi auspicious omens for an enterprise, ti 
rff acce ptable sacrifice, KaWiepUo. 
?• ” ene habet, si ab collega litatuir 
i my colleague's offering has provee 
n «pLWe. Cic. Qui {how) tandem eve- 
t„ A,, tetur a liis (Diis), aliis non lite 
hi, ft i * by some V le sacrifice is accepted. 
' tcr f tf 01 i the offering is made to some 
Pm ,to others not. Also, Id. 
,,, A l J na llo stia ( abl .) s®pe litatur, a sue- 
(nln is made. Virg. Anima 
Nei-l lta "^ um Ar golica. Hence, Liv. 
sirm, n( Splcat0 nec litat ° (oJL absol.), in- 
aciem j h. e. after having obtained 
{T ab e ome « - Transitively, to sac- 
$Tn*T eP r abl y or successfully. Virg. 
san^uinem 11 ?, 4 ' 3 ’ ,n ‘ lulge hospitio. Flor. 
PastnTf"? humanum diis. Properl. 
sacra fn r V a , ! tabat ovis - Also, ° vid - 
oZ or bove -IT Figur. to 
isfu r1 cri fi ce i appease with victims , sat- 
Sr I em, ? M ¥ a «ion. Cic. Litemus 
victim* et us ’ t^i appease with 
k Ce ;, (who had 
line’s t ° ‘- eath for Ilis share in Cati- 
i Mura > ironically. Sencc. 
i al. senulrn, 11 ’ dolor ’ tibi qu ® litare m. 
— ir'C "J" marltl «uore alicujus. 
> of the sacrifice, to give a 
03 
favorable omen, to promise a happy event. 
Ovid. Victima nulla litat. Martial. Vic- 
tima litat. Sueton. Sacrificio non litan- 
te, not. presenting favorable omens. 
LITGRaLIS (litus), e, adj. of or on the 
2 sca-side or shore, dnraios. Plin. Lito- 
raies pisces. Justin. Litoraies Indi, 
maritime. Catull. Vota facta litoralibus 
_diis, h. e. who protect the shores. 
LiTOREOS (Id.), a, um, adj. of or belong¬ 
'd ing to the sea-shorc, on the shore, a/cratos. 
Ovid, arena. Martial. Ibis litoreas Sa- 
lonas, maritime. Virg. aves, shore- 
birds. Ovid, cancer, haunting the shore. 
LITORoSOS (Id.), a, um, adj. same as Li- 
2 toralis, Litoreus. Plin., Callais litoroso 
mari similis. 
LITTERA, or LITERS, (derived by some 
from lino, to streak; but litum, the su¬ 
pine, has a short penult, which quanti¬ 
ty is retained in litura, and, as it seems, 
should be here), ®, f. a letter of the al¬ 
phabet, ypdppa. Plur. Litter®, letters. 
Cic. Si humi A litteram impresserit. 
Id. Maximis litteris incisum. Plin. 
Reliquas gemmas litterarum ordine ex- 
plicabimus, alphabetically. Senec. Dige- 
rere in litteram, in the order of the alpha¬ 
bet. Cic. Lenis appellatio litterarum. 
Id. Ad me litteram nunquam misit, 
never a letter (of the alphabet); as we 
say, not a line. Id. Littera tristis, h. e. 
C; and salutaris, h. e. A ; because, upon 
the voting-tablets of the judges, C stood 
for Condemno, and A for Absolvo. Plaut. 
Homo trium litterarum, h. e. fur, a thief. 
Id. Litteram ex se longam facere, to 
make a long I of one’s self, h. e. to hang 
one’s self. Quintil. Quern locum ad 
litteram subjeci, to the letter, letter for 
letter. Cic. Facere litteram, and 
Plant, litteras, to make a letter or letters; 
to write. Vitruv. Scire litteras, to know 
how to write. Sueton. Nescire litteras, 
not to know how to write. Colum. Nes- 
cius litterarum. Varr. Sine litteris, 
without the knowledge of writing. Pan¬ 
dect. Scientia litterarum, A. e. scribendi. 
(But Cic. Brut. 74. Nescire litteras, to 
be unlearned, not a learned man,) Cic. 
In mente scriptoris, non in verbis ac 
litteris vim legis positam esse, letters. 
Id. Ea qu® scripta sunt, et ea qu® sine 
litteris, &c. h. e. unwritten, not contained 
in written law. Id. Ea littera (A. e. pr®- 
varicator) de accusatore solet dari judi- 
ci, h. e. that writing, that written word. 
Id. Liber non parum continet iittera- 
rum, h. e. satis longus est. — It is put 
for a peculiar way of writing, one’s hand. 
Cic. Prope accedebat ad similitudinem 
tu® litter®.-IT Also, Litter®, what¬ 
ever is drawn up in writing; a writing or 
writings, documents, papers. Cic. Litte¬ 
rs public® in rerario condit®. Liv. Li- 
bros omnes litterasque deferret. Cic. 
Litter® Gr®c® de philosophia, books, 
writings; or, written literature. So, Id. 
Historia abest litteris nostris, is not yet 
writterf An our books, b. e. by Romans; 
or, ivr our language; or, which is per¬ 
haps the best, is yet wanting to our litera¬ 
ture. Id. Nullam artem jiteris percipi 
posse, for e literis, h. e. as we say, from 
books. Id. Litteris mandare, or consig- 
nare aliquid, to commit to writing. Id. 
Quod litteris exstet, in writing, in books. 
Id. Litter® rerum decretarum, Ii. e. 
specification or order therefor. Id. Tabu- 
1® ( accounts ) et litters (other papers). 
Id. Ratio omnis et omnes litter®, the 
papers containing the accounts. Id. 
Pratoris litter® frumenti imperati, edict, 
orders. — Particularly, Litter®, what 
is written to an absent person; a letter, 
and sometimes (as with other words 
which have a sing, signif. in the plur.) 
letters. Cic. Litteras dare alicui ad-ali- 
quem. Id. reddere alicui, to deliver, 
hand. Id. Unis litteris totius sstatis 
res gestbs ad Senatum perscribere. Id. 
Queri apud aliquem per litteras. Id. 
Litteras mittere, dare ad aliquem, to 
write to any one; (on the contrary, Scri- 
bere ad aliquem, to give information by 
letter of some single incident or circum¬ 
stance; to announce or mention by letter). 
Id. Invitare per litteras, by letter. Plane. 
ad Cic. Bin® litter®, two letters (not 
dues). Cic. Litter® creberrim®, very 
frequent. Id. plures Id. Tu® litter® 
497 
(which he divides into et ea: — et ece, s« 
that it means letters). Id. Venio ad 
tuas litteras, quas pluribus epistolis 
(A. e. in this place, packets, despatches) 
accepi-In the poets, the sing. Litte¬ 
ra is sometimes used to signify a letter. 
Ovid, and Martial. — Also, Litter®, 
written memorials, literature; also, the 
liberal arts, as illustrated by writings. 
Mcpos. Prof. 2. Expertes litterarum 
Gr®carum, of Greek literature. Cic. 
Cur poetas Latinos Gnccis litteris eru- 
diti legant. Id. Leviter Gr»cas litteras 
attingere, A. e. the arts of the Greeks, as 
illustrated in their writings'. Id. and 
Sallust. Litteris Gr®cis et^atque) Lati- 
nis doctus. — In particular, written his¬ 
tory. Mepos, Pelop. 1. Rudes litterarum 
Gracarum. Cic. Qui litteris delectan- 
tur. — Also, generally, the liberal arts, 
belles-lettres, letters, learning, the sciences, 
studies, scholarship, without special refe¬ 
rence to written works. Cic. Instructa 
litteris eloquentia. Id. Litter® recondi¬ 
te- Id. Iis litteris, quibus infinitatem 
rerum cognoscimus. Plin. altiores, 
A. e. magica ars. Cic. Brut. 93. uses 
littera: generally, and then particulari¬ 
zes philosophia, jus civile, historia, &c. 
— But, also, more narrowly, of a par¬ 
ticular art or science; frequently in Cic. 
for philology, grammar; also, for philoso¬ 
phy ; also, in Pis. 29. the liberal arts, 
with the exception of philosophy. 
LITTERaLIS (litter®), e, adj. pertaining 
3 to letters ( of the alphabet). Diamed. 
graminatica, A. e. beginning with letters. 
-- IT Also, of or pertaining to letters 
(epistles), writings, books. Symmach. 
and Cal. Aurel. 
LITTERaRIES (Id.), a, um, adj. relating 
to letters (of the alphabet), to writing 
reading, language, learning. Quintil. 
ludus, a school. 
LiTTERaTe (litteratus), adv. learnedly, 
eruditely, elegantly, accurately, critically, 
like a scholar, TTenaihcvpcvws. Cic. Belle 
et litterate dicta laudantur. Id. An- 
tiquitatis, scriptorumque veterum litte¬ 
rate peritus, critically. Id. Perbenc 
Latine ioqui putabatur, litteratiusque, 
qtiam ceteri, learnedly, correctly, scientifi¬ 
cally. Id. Harusp. 8. Litterate respon- 
dissem, politely, elegantly; ironically for 
without point, witlessly; but others' ex¬ 
plain it, to the letter, literally. Id. Pis. 
25. Rationes perscript® scite et litterate, 
accurately; or, otherwise, in a clear hand. 
LITTERaTIG (litter®), onis, f. instruction 
3 or knowledge in reading, writing, &c. ; 
elementary instruction or knowledge, such 
as a boy gets at the lowest schools. 
Varr. • 
LITTERaTGR (Id.), oris, m. one who 
2 teaches boys to read and write; a school¬ 
master. Apul. -IT Also, a professor 
of language ; a critic, philologist, gram¬ 
marian; for instance, who explains the 
writings of the poets. Sueton. and Ca- 
tull. — Sueton. says that some made a 
distinction between literatus and litera- 
tor, using the former of a man of pro¬ 
found learning, the latter of one only 
moderately learned (a poor philologist, 
small critic), which distinction is found 
in Gell._ 
LITTERaToRIOS (litterator),a, um, adj. 
2 grammatical. Tertull. eruditio.—Hence, 
Litteratoria, grammar, philology. Quin- 
til. 2, 14. uses the word, but only (as it 
seems) to reject it. 
LITTERaTRIX, icis, f. from litterator ; 
2 a word blamed by Quintil. 
LITTERaTOLOS (dimin. from litteratus), 
i, m. something of a critic, &c. Hiero- 
nym. 
LITTERaTuRX. (litter®), ®, f. the form¬ 
ing or writing of (alphabetical) letters ■: 
writing. Cic. -IT Also, the art or sei- 
ence of languagi, grammar, philology. 
Quintil. Grammatice, quam in Latinum 
transferentes, litteraturam vocaverunt- 
— Also, instruction in language; for in¬ 
stance, in reading, &c. ‘ Scnec. Prims 
ilia, ut antiqui vocabant, Iitteratura 
per quam pueris elementa traduntur 
-IT Also, learning, erudition, scholar 
ship. Cic. Fuit in illo ingenium, ratio 
memoria, Iitteratura, cogitatio, diligen- 
tia. 
LITTERaTOS (Id.), a, um, adj. inscribe^ 
2 12 
