CIR 
CIR 
CIV 
secretioribus uti. — Something so writ¬ 
ten, furtivum scriptum. 
To Cipher, cnlculos subducere; arithme- 
tica discere; ratiocinari. — To cipher 
out, numerum inire, exsequi, (rerum or 
hominum). 
CIRCLE, circulus, orbis, (also mathemat¬ 
ically) ; gyrus ( motion in a circle, the 
circle in which an animal goes round ); 
corona {the ring of hearers about an ora¬ 
tor). — The circumference of a circle, ex¬ 
trema linea circinationis, linea circum- 
currens.- I circle drawn with compasses, 
circinatio; circumscribed, circumscrip- 
tio. — To draw a circle, circulum de¬ 
scribes (circino) ; circinationem de¬ 
scribes ; rotundam circinationem du- 
cere: about a thing or person, circum¬ 
scribes aliquid or aliquem {with 
compasses, circino ; with a wand, virg& 
or virgulSL) ; circulo aliquid or aliquem 
includes {confine in a circle). — To form 
themselves into a circle {of soldiers), 
orbem colligere, in orbem consistere. — 
To whirl round in a circle (act.), in gyrum 
torque re. —- To go round the circle {come 
to each in his turn), in orbem ire (per 
omnes); circumferri {of meat and drink). 
— Fig. a vicious circle {in reasoning), 
demonstratio eodem se revolvens; to 
reason in one, eodem revolvi. — The 
whole circle {of my friends, and the like), 
may be depressed by omnes universi. 
— A circle of learning, orbis doctrin® 
(Quint.). -IT (company, &c.), circulus 
(for entertainment, a social circle, knot), 
conviviuin (a festive circle). — Jn social 
and festive circles, in circulis et conviviis. 
- d circle of close friends, congressio fa- 
miliarium.-IT (any assembly), con- 
ventus ; consessus : (see Assembly). ■- 
IT (returning series), orbis.— of things, 
orbis rerum in se remeantiurn. — of the 
seasons, vicissitudines anniversari®. 
To Circle (move about a thing), se conver- 
tere et torquere circum aliquid, ambire 
aliquid, circa aliquid volvi, versari,ferri. 
- IT See Encircle, Surround, <fcc. —To 
circle in (see Hem, Shut). -IT (revolve 
in a circle), in orbem circumagi, se gy¬ 
rate, rotari. 
Circular, adj, orbiculatus ; rotundas 
(disk-formed) ; circinat® rotunditatis; 
ad circinum fabricatus. — course, circu- 
latio, circinatio, ambitus rotuddus, 
circuitus, circuitio, (the motion in a cir¬ 
cle) ; orbis ( the circular path) ; gyrus 
(see Circle, above).— line, circulus, li¬ 
nea orbiculata; circumscriptio (about a 
thing) ; circinatio (drawn with compass¬ 
es) : for Circumference, see above. 
Circular, s. liter® circum aliquos dimis- 
8® ; also in connection, liter®. — To send 
a circular to the municipal towns, literas 
circum municipia dimittere. 
Circularly, circulating orbiculatim; in 
orbem, in gyrum. 
Circulate, n. in orbem cireutnagi; cir- 
cumferri .—The blood circulates, sanguis 
per venas arteriasque ultro citro corn- 
meat. — My blood circulates more freely, 
sanguis liberius meat.— To circulate a 
report, rumorem spargere, dispergere, 
dissipare. — A report is circulated (in 
circulation), rumor or fama or sermo est. 
— The coins circulate, numi in commu- 
nem usum venerunt. 
Circulation of the blood, circulatio san¬ 
guinis ; (of money), usus communis, 
usus ; (returning series), orbis. 
Circuit ( revolution ), ambitus, circuitus : 
(extent about, compass), ambitus, circui¬ 
tus, circumscriptio ; complexus ( e. g. 
coeli, mundi).— The island has a circuit 
e/25,000 paces, insula viginti quinque 
millia passuum circuitu patet. — The 
whole work embraces a circuit of 368 sta¬ 
dia, totius operis ambitus ccclxviii sta¬ 
dia complectitur. — To make the circuit 
of the towns, urbes circumire. — To make 
the circuit (of a judge), conventus cir¬ 
cumire or agere. —The circuit being com¬ 
pleted, conventibus peractis.- d circuit 
town, conventus. - IT A circuit of 
words, circuitus, ambages ; circuitio. 
CmcuiTous. — A circuitous way, circuitus, 
ambages, anfractus. — To lead by a cir¬ 
cuitous path, aliquem circuitu ducere. 
CIRCULAR, CIRCULATE. See Circle. 
CIRCUM- is often expressed by circum 
in composition. 
CIRCUMCISE, circumcidere. — A cir¬ 
cumcised Jew, Jud®us curtus or recuti- 
tus or verpus. 
Circumcision, circumcisio. 
CIRCUMFERENCE. See Circle. 
CIRCUMFLEX, adj. circumflexus (e. g. 
accentus, syllaba). — To circumflex a 
syllable, syllabam apice circmnducere. 
CIRCUMLOCUTION (periphrasis), cir¬ 
cuitio, circuitus eloquendi, circuitus 
plurium verborum, circumlocutio.— To 
express by a circumlocution, pluribus ver¬ 
bis aliquid explicare, pluribus vocibus 
et per ambitum verborum aliquid enun- 
tiare ; aliquid circumire.-IT (beating 
about the bush), ambages. 
CIRCUMNAVIGATE, ab omni parte 
circumvehi aliquid ( not circumnavi- 
gare). 
CIRCUMSCRIBE, finire, definire; ter- 
minare, determinare, terminationibus 
definire; — (to confine, limit), coercere, 
includere, (terminis or cancellis) cir- 
cumscribere, finire, definire, terminis 
circumscribere. — the field of view, de¬ 
finire aspectum. — an oration, oratio- 
nem finire or in angustias includere. — 
To circumscribe within a narrow field, in 
exiguum angustumque concludere. —- 
To be circumscribed, certarum rerum 
cancellis circumscriptum esse. — Cir¬ 
cumscribed (short), circumclsus; brevis. 
— A circumscribed mind, ingenium im- 
becillum, tardum; angusti® pectoris. 
CIRCUMSPECT, circumspectus; con- 
sideratus; cautus ; providus (provi¬ 
dent) ; prudens et cautus, cautus et pro¬ 
vidus ; diligens (careful). 
Circumspectly, circumspecte, cireum- 
specto judicio, considerate, provide, 
diligenter. 
Circumspection, circumspectio; circum- 
spectum judicium; cautio ; prudentia ; 
diligentia. — The thing demands much 
circumspection, res multas cautiones ha- 
bet; res est mult® diligenti®. — With 
circumspection. See Circumspectly. 
CIRCUMSTANCE, res (the most general 
word ); causa ( the slate, posture, situa¬ 
tion of a thing ); tempus, especially the 
pi. tempora ( posture of things brought on 
by the circumstances of the time) ; ratio 
(a reason founded in circumstances; 
hence, the circumstance itself ) : momen¬ 
tum (the decisive circumstance) ; conditio 
( condition, limitation); mora (delay) ; 
ambages ( circumstance of words). The 
Latins, however, do not usually employ 
a distinctive substantive, but prefer some 
general indifferent expression to convey 
this idea ; as, this circumstance moved me, 
hoc me movit; or hac re motus sum. 
— On this circumstance rests the whole 
business, in eo tota res vertitur. — Ac¬ 
cording to circumstances, pro re; pro re 
nata; ex or pro tempore_ To act ac¬ 
cording to circumstances, ex re consule- 
re. — Under these or such circumstances, 
his rebus, qu® cum ita sint or essent, 
(things being so ); in hoc or in tali tem¬ 
pore (in such an exigency, under such 
untoward circumstances). — To suit one’s 
self to circumstances, tempori service 
(cut one’s coat according to the cloth); 
necessitati parere ( make a virtue of ne¬ 
cessity ).— To be in good circumstances, 
in rebus secundis esse; in bona, con- 
ditione constitutum esse. — To be in 
straitened circumstances, parce ac du- 
riter vitam agere. — Without circum¬ 
stance, sine mora; missis or positis 
ambagibus; sine ulla dubitatione ; haud 
difficulter ( without making difficulty) ; 
simpliciter ( plainly , right on). —- TT (a 
thing not essential), res adventitia, non 
necessaria.-TT Accompanying circum¬ 
stances, res circumstantes. — To draw 
an argument from circumstances, ex cir- 
cumstantia argumentum ducere.- 
TT (show, array), apparatus, ornatus; 
ostentatio. 
Circumstanced, comparatus ; afFectus.— 
The thing is so circumstanced, se ita res 
habet; res est ejus modi, ut, etc. 
Circumstantial, non necessarius, ad- 
ventitius: ad res circumstantes perti- 
nens : — (detailed), accuratus, verbosus 
(wordy), oopiosus (diffuse, full). 
Circumstantially, accurate ; multis or 
pluribus verbis ; copiose. 
CIRCUMVALLATfON, circtimmunitio. 
49 
— line of, circummunitiones; rorona 
(of troops ).— To surround a town there¬ 
with, vallum in oppidi circuitu ducere, 
oppidum circumvallare; urbem corona 
cingere. 
CIRCUMVENT, circumvenire ; indu- 
cere ; fraude or dolo capere, eludere. 
Circumvention, fraudatio, circumscrip¬ 
tio ; fraus, dolus. 
CIRCUS, circus. 
CISTERN, cisterna ; puteus. — Cistern- 
water, aqua cisternarum or cisternina. 
CITADEL, castellum ; arx. — of Cor¬ 
inth, Acrocorinthus. 
CITE (call into court), citare, in jus or in 
judicium vocare; evocare (an absent 
person). -TT (quote), afferre, laudare, 
producere. 
Citation, evocatio; vocatio. — To re¬ 
ceive one, citari; in judicium vocari. 
-TT ( quotation), prolatio, coinmenio- 
ratio ; (place quoted), locus allatus or 
laudatus, locus quasi testis productus. 
CITIZEN. See City. 
CITRON-TREE, citrus (citrus medica, 
L.).— Of Citron-wood, citreus.— Citron 
(preserved), cortex mali citri condltus. 
CITY, urbs (always with respect to the 
greatness, wealth, &c.. of its inhabitants ; 
hence, also, a capital city, and especially 
Rome) ; oppb'um (as a place of habitation 
secured against attacks from without) : — 
civitas (the collective inhabitants of a 
city as hound together by common laws, 
institutions and usages, the burgesses or 
freemen, as such: the city in a civil re¬ 
gard) : — municipium (a free city, espe¬ 
cially in Italy, having its own laws anil 
magistrates, whose inhabitants, if they had 
received the jus civile Romannm, were 
regarded as Roman citizens, had the right 
of voting at assemblies of the Roman peo¬ 
ple, aud might hold public offices, but 
had not the Roman sacra ; otherwise they 
were only permitted to serve in the Roman 
legions and to stand for military offices): 
— colonia (a Roman colony of citizens or 
allies ): — pr®fectura (a city suspected of 
disaffection, which was not governed by 
its own magistrates according to its own 
laws, but by a prefect sent from Rome). — 
City and country, urbs agrique. — In all 
the cities, from city to city, oppidatim. — 
At the expense of the city (i. e. of the 
public), sumptu publico; also, publico. 
-TT The city (i. e. the people thereof), 
incol® urbis, urbani; oppidani. 
City, adj. urbanus, also, the genit. urbis ; 
oppidanus, or genit. oppidi: —publicus 
(if opposed to privatus). 
Citizen, civis (who has the rights of citi¬ 
zenship ; opposed to peregrinus); oppi¬ 
danus, incola urbis, (the inhabitant of a 
city, townsman , opposed to vicanus, a 
villager) ; togatus (the citizen in his robe 
of peace, opposed topaludatus or miles, 
the warrior) ; plebeius, homo ignobilis, 
(one of the commonalty, opposed to patri- 
cius or vir nobilis); paganus (a com¬ 
mon citizen, cit, often opposed to soldiers). 
— The citizens, civitas, cives; plebs, 
plebeii, (opposed to the nobles ); oppi¬ 
dani, incol® urbis ; pagani. 
Citizenship, civitas, jus civitatis ; civi- 
tatula (in contempt). — To give one the 
rights of citizenship, admit him thereto, 
civitatem alicui dare, impertire, tribu- 
ere ; aliquem in civitatem accipere or 
recipere; aliquem in civitatem or in 
numerum civiuin asciscere ; civitate 
aliquem donare ; civem aliquem facere. 
Citizen-like, civilis (becoming a citizen, 
affable, &c.) ; civilis, communis, popu- 
laris, (usual in common life) ; plebeius. 
CIVIC, civicus. See next word. 
CIVIL, civilis (relating to a citizen, as 
such; so, of the state, civil ); civicus (of 
things which concern him personally or 
individually). — Persons in a civil and 
in a military station or capacity, togati 
et milites ; milites et pagani. — Civil 
law, jus civile. — A civil office, magis- 
tratus (opposed to imperium); officium 
civile- Civil officer, magistratus : gov¬ 
ernor, qui provinci® pr®est sine impe- 
rio ; proconsul (in the time of the empe¬ 
rors). — A civil process, causa privata; 
lis. — Civilwar, bellum civium ; bellum 
civile, intestinum, domesticum ; in some 
connections, arma nr castra civilia will 
pass. — The civil day, dies civilis.- 
