378 
BIRD-LIFE. 
us, coming from tlience on their way south. They may 
be observed circling round the cathedral of Malaga as late 
as the end of October. I have seen them in the lovely 
valley of the Genii as late as the 18th of November. 
Whether they had not yet started on their outward- 
bound journey, or whether they had again returned there 
from Africa, I cannot say. 
Such a return, which we might style a visit to Europe, 
appears to me not improbable, for I have repeatedly seen 
these birds in Egypt during the winter, as well as in 
most parts of Central and Western Africa. 
After the Swift follow the Sedge Warbler, the Cuckoo, 
the Roller, and the Golden Oriole; next, the Garden 
Warbler, Blue-throated Warbler, Shrike, Egret, Squacco 
Heron, Purple Heron, Little Bittern, Quail, Great 
Snipe, and others. In the first fortnight of Septem¬ 
ber, Nightingales, Whitethroats, Flycatchers, Redstarts, 
Willow Wrens, Turtle Doves, many of the Scolopcicidce, 
Terns, Gulls, and Ducks, take leave of us. During 
the last half of the same month we lose many birds of 
prey, as well as our little favourites the Swallow, Black¬ 
cap, Lesser Whitethroat, Tree Pipit, Golden Plover, 
common Bittern, several Ducks, and the Grebes. In 
October the following species vanish from Germany 
altogether :—the Buzzard, Sparrow Hawk, Meadow Pipit, 
Water Wagtail, Robin, Black Redstart, Lark, Song 
Thrush, Redwing, Blackbird, Great Tit, Blue Tit, the 
female Chaffinch, Goldcrests, Ring and Stock Doves, 
Peewit, Snipe, Rails, Moorhen, and Geese. In November 
all the remaining birds of passage leave us; in October, 
however, some of the northern birds come to us, filling 
the places of our absentees. To the last mentioned, 
Germany and Central Europe answer the same purpose 
