MIGRATION. 
379 
as Italy, tlie South of France, and Spain, do to our 
native birds, or as Tropical Africa does to the migratory 
birds of the countries just named, and our home insecti¬ 
vorous species. Many birds wintering with us, though 
belonging to the same species, are not the same indivi¬ 
duals which passed the summer amongst us, as might, at 
first sight, be supposed, but have been bred in the far 
North, and on this account find our climate suitable for 
a winter residence. Thus in October we are visited by 
a number of Great Tits, Goldcrests, Ducks, Rough-legged 
Buzzards, Merlins, Snipes, Water Pipits, Gulls, &c., from 
the north, which remain with us through the winter; 
while Thrushes, Ring Ouzels, Golden Plovers, Peewits, 
and others which arrive from the north at the same time, 
go further south. At this period of the year the sea- 
coast, and all our larger lakes and rivers, are teeming with 
birds. Many of the northern wanderers stop for months 
on the road, if they find localities to suit them. In 
November, besides the above named, other guests arrive, 
as, for example, the Sea Eagle, Bean Goose, Rook, and 
Jackdaw, and these are often found migrating as late as 
December. 
Among our regular winter residents we may reckon the 
following:—Eagles, Buzzards (principally the rough¬ 
legged species), Goshawks, male Sparrow Hawks, Eagle 
Owls, Long-eared Owls, Ravens, Hooded Crows, Rooks, 
Hawfinches, Greenfinches, Bramblings, Chaffinches, 
Linnets, Redpoles, Siskins, Goldfinches, Goldcrests, 
Titmice, Thrushes, Dippers, Water Pipits, and Dab- 
chicks ; many of these, however, are bred in the north. 
The period at which migration may be said to be at a 
stand-still lasts but a few weeks, and by the beginning of 
February the immigrants have started on the return- 
