MIGRATION. 
381 
would fly more towards the eastern portions of Africa and 
Europe or Western Asia. Again, the natives of the west 
would draw more to the western portions of the two first- 
named continents. Possibly, and indeed probably, this 
direction coincides well with the climatic changes of Asia 
and Africa. While the weather here in the winter season 
is mild and warm, in the high-lying portions of Eastern 
Asia, even in the south, it is exceptionally cold and 
severe, and in summer it is the reverse, very hot. 
To explain myself more clearly, I will here enumerate, 
as far as I am able, those winter residents in southern 
countries which are natives of our own home, giving 
principally the results of my own experience. 
The following birds winter in Spain: the Osprey, 
Buzzard, Kite, Hobby, Peregrine, Goshawk, Sparrow- 
hawk, Marsh and Hen Harriers, Rook, Chaffinch, Linnet, 
Corn Bunting, Reed Bunting, Sky Lark, Wood Lark, 
Meadow Pipit, White Wagtail and Yellow Wagtail, 
Robin, Black Redstart, Blackbird, Song Thrush, Redwing, 
Missel Thrush, Ring Ouzel, Starling, Whinchat, Hedge 
Sparrow, Alpine Accentor, the two Goldcrests, Wood 
Pigeon, Stock Dove, both Quails, Golden Plover and 
others of the same family, Peewit, Herons, Woodcock, 
Snipe, several Sandpipers, Rails, Spotted Crake, Coots, 
a few Gulls and Terns, the Bean Goose, Swan, 
Wigeon, Pintail Buck, Teal, Garganey, Gadwall, 
Shoveller, Shieldrake, Ferruginous Buck, Common 
Scoter, Velvet Scoter, Mergansers, Bivers, Grebes, Cor¬ 
morants, and others. In the southern portion of the 
Peninsula some few additional species may be met with. 
The winter visitants of the following countries, namely, 
the south of France, Italy, Balmatia, Greece, Moldavia, 
Wallachia, European Turkey, and the districts bordering 
