382 
BIRD-LIFE. 
on the Caspian Sea, are much the same, on which 
account I need not enter into a more detailed description 
of them. 
In those countries of Northern Africa lying between 
37° and 24° N. latitude, among which we may include 
Egypt, most of the birds just mentioned are to he found 
during the winter season; besides which the following 
also hibernate there : the Imperial Eagle, Spotted Eagle, 
Short-toed Eagle, Merlin, Pallid Harrier (0. pallidus ), 
Swift, Hoopoe, Flycatcher, Woodchat Shrike, Crested 
Lark, Tawny Pipit, several Wagtails, Redstart, Blue- 
throated Warbler, Stonechat, Sedge and other Warblers, 
Turtle Doves, Plovers, Coursers, all the Herons, Jack 
Snipe, and all water-fowl which really migrate. 
The birds named in the list I am about to give migrate 
as far as the tropics, and a portion of them probably 
pass the equator: the Booted Eagle, Kestrel, Lesser 
Kestrel, Red-footed Falcon, Short-eared Owl, Scops-eared 
Owl, Goatsucker, Swift, different Swallows, Bee-eaters, 
the Cuckoo, Oriole, Rollers, Flycatchers, Shrikes, Tree 
and Tawny Pipits, Water Wagtails, the Nightingale, 
Thrush Nightingale, Stonechat, Whitethroat, Melodious 
Warbler, Quail, Crane, Stork, Night Heron, Curlew, Corn 
Crake, and several others which, perhaps, only reach 
there by accident. The winter residence of the Cuckoo, 
Golden Oriole, and some of the Warblers, are also as yet 
unknown. That certain birds of passage pass the equator 
is a fact which we have been able to establish, since we 
have had opportunities of becoming acquainted with the 
different species of that class which are found in South 
Africa. 
After reading such undeniable evidence on the subject 
of migration, the question rises to our lips, and not 
