554 
BIRD-LIFE. 
hunger and want of rest on the side of the pupil. These 
two means of coercion, however, must be used with great 
circumspection and care, and it is absolutely requisite 
that the falconer should be thoroughly acquainted with 
the peculiarities of each species, or otherwise he may 
easily make a mistake in the means he adopts for the 
taming and training of his pupil. 
The captured Falcon is first “ hooded,” then the short 
“jesses’" are fastened on the “arms,” and connected by 
a swivel to the long “jesses;” at the same time the 
Hawk’s bells are also attached to the “ arms.” Now the 
hooded Falcon is left quietly to itself until the next day, 
when the trainer seeks to place it on his fist, which is 
protected by a thick gauntlet; it is then carried about in 
the open air for several hours, so as to accustom it to 
remain quiet on the fist; after wdiich the hood is removed 
if the pupil remains quiet, and it is spoken to in a caressing 
tone, the syllable used being generally, “Io, io:” should 
it prove unruly it is “hooded” afresh, and placed on a 
pole, to which the “jesses” are attached. The Falcon 
remains hooded while being fed, and is coaxed and 
spoken to the while, the food being placed in its claws or 
“ pounces.” On the third day the hood is again removed, 
and the Falcon placed on the fist, where it is fed, care 
being always taken to speak kindly to it: the food is 
usually either a Pigeon or a Partridge. If it takes to 
feeding on the hand, much has been attained; if, on the 
contrary, it refuses food, it is again hooded, and placed 
on the pole as before. Some Falcons refuse to feed on 
the fist for three or four days, though Jer and Iceland 
Falcons take much less time. Fear of man is the principal 
cause of obstinacy in this matter; thus the great thing is 
to accustom the bird to man’s presence. The real training 
