ORDER VIII. 
HOLOCEPHALI. 
The skeleton is cartilaginous, and reduced to a soft vertebral chord. The teeth consist of large 
plates resting upon the jaws, which do not exist as separate pieces, being continuous with the rest of 
the uninterrupted bones of the skull. The gills are laminated, attached by their margins ; with 
a single external aperture on either side. There is no swimming or air bladder, but the intestine 
is provided with a spiral valve. The sexes copulate. A spinous ray may be observed at the an¬ 
terior margin of some of the fins. The ventrals are inserted behind the pectorals. The dermic 
productions, when existing, are of the placoid type. 
Syn. — Holocephali, Mull. Vergl. anat. Myxin. in Abhandl. Berl. Akad. (1834), 4836; &, in Wiegm. Archiv fur Naturg. 
1845, I, 137 & 135.— Owen, Lcct. Comp. Anat. Vert. anim. 7846, 50.—Bd. Icongr. Encycl. II, 1850,205 
This order is composed of two families—that of Chimaeridae, with a few living representa¬ 
tives, and that of Edaphodontidae , whose types are all extinct. 
Family CHIMAERIDAE Bonap. 
The body is somewhat elongated, compressed, and tapering gradually from the thoracic belt 
to the filamentous termination of the caudal extremity. There are two dorsal fins, the first one 
provided anteriorly with a spine dentated upon its posterior or inner edge. The second dorsal 
fin is generally low and elongated ; the lobes of the caudal are lower still, rather elongated 
also, the upper lobe having been taken for a third dorsal fin and the lower lobe for an anal fin 
by Linnaeus and some of his followers. The anal fin, properly so called, is sometimes wanting 
and sometimes existing. The insertion of the ventral fins takes place either anteriorly or poste¬ 
riorly to the middle region of the abdomen ; the organs of generation so constructed as to in¬ 
volve a union between the sexes, in order to accomplish the act of fecundation, and hence of 
reproduction. 
Syn. — Chimaeridae, Bonap. Sagg Distr. metod. anim. Vert. 1831, 121.— Benn. inZool. Beechey’s Yoy. Blossom. 1839, 71. 
Chimerides, Agass. Rech. Poiss. foss. Ill, 1842, 336. 
Chirnaerae, Mull, in Wiegm. Archiv fur Naturg. I, 1845, 137. 
Cliimaeroidei, Owen, Lect. Comp. Anat. Vert. anim. 1846, 51.—Bd. Iconogr. Encycl. II, 1850, 205. 
There are but two living genera known up to the present day as constituting this family— 
Cliimaera, the species of which belong to the northern hemisphere, and Callorhynchus , the 
species of which belong to the southern hemisphere. 
CHIMABRA, Linn. 
Gen. Char.— Mouth situated beneath the snout, which is sub-conical. Teeth well developed. Nostrils immediately in 
advance of the mouth, and extending into it. One branchial split on either side, separated under the throat by an isthmus. 
Two dorsal fins—anterior one situated above the pectorals, and provided with a strong spine ; caudal, tapering into a point; 
anal fin wanting ; ventrals nearly median, situated opposite the beginning of the second dorsal. Skin smooth. 
Syn.— Cliimaera, Linn. Syst. Nat.ed. XII a I, 1766, 401.— Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. XIII a I, iii, 1788, 1488_Ccv. 
Rfegn. anim. II, 1617, 140 ; 2d ed. II, 1829 ; &, ed. illustr. Poiss. 354. 
