98 
U. S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
Comparative measurements of species. 
Catal. 
No. 
Species. 
Locality. 
Sex. 
Length. 
Extent. 
Wing. 
Tail. 
Tarsus. 
Middle 
toe. 
Its claw 
alone. 
Bill 
above. 
Along 
gape. 
Specimen 
measured. 
483 
s 
9.50 
5.06 
3.78 
0.96 
0.84 
0.40 
1.34 
1.40 
6934 
Red river, Ark. 
Q 
9.20 
4.84 
3.70 
0.90 
0.92 
0.40 
1.34 
1.34 
9972 
s 
7.58 
4*20 
3.50 
0.80 
0.74 
0.40 
1.10 
1.26 
8809 
s 
6.74 
4.80 
3.50 
0.80 
0.72 
0.42 
1.20 
1.20 
do 
9. 
15.75 
5. 
PICOIDES ARCTICUS. 
Black Backed Three-toed Woodpecker. 
Picus ( Jlpternus ) arclicus, Siv. F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 313. 
Jlpternus arcticus, Bp. List, 1838_ Ib. Consp. 1850, 139.— Newberry, Zool. Cal. and Oreg. Route, 91; Rep. 
P. R. R. Surv. VI, 1857. 
Picus arcticus, Aud. Syn. 1839, 182.— Ib. Birds Amer. IV, 1842, 266; pi. 268.— Nuttall, Man. I, 2d ed , 
1840, 691. 
Picus tridactylus, Bon. Am. Orn. II, 1828, 14; pl.xiv, f. 2.— Aud. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 198 ; pi. 132. 
Sp. Ch.— Above entirely uniform glossy bluish black; a square patch on the middle of the crown, saffron yellow, and a 
few white spots on the outer edges of both webs of the primary and secondary quills. Beneath white, on the sides of the 
breast longitudinally striped, and on the sides of the belly and on the flanks and tibial region banded transversely with black. 
A narrow concealed white line from the eye a short distance backwards, and a white stripe from the extreme forehead (meet¬ 
ing anteriorly) under the eye, and down the sides of the neck. Bristly feathers of the base of the bill brown. Exposed 
portion of two outer tail feathers (1st and 2d) white. 
Length, about 9| inches ; wing, 5 ; tail, 3.85. Female, without yellow on the head. 
Hub .—Northern portions of the United States to the Arctic regions, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 
This species differs from the other American three-toed woodpeckers chiefly in having the 
hack entirely black. The white line from the eye is usually almost imperceptible, if not 
wanting entirely. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. No. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
When collected. 
Whence obtained. 
Orig. No. 
Collected by— 
4473 
Summer of ’55. 
Dr. J. S. Newberry 
483 
New York_ _ 
S. F. Baird_ -------- 
6934 
Q 
Selkirk settlement, H. B. T _ 
Donald Gunn - -- -- -- -- 
7973 
s 
Hudson’s bay_ 
J. Gould - -- -- -- -- -- -- 
84 
7974 
Q 
„do__ __ 
84 A 
PICOIDES HIRSUTUS. 
Banded Three-toed Woodpecker. 
Picus hirsutus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. II, 1807, 68; pi. cxxiv.— Wagler, Syst. Av. 1827, No. 102, (mixed up with 
un'dulatus.) Aud. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 184 ; pi. 417.— Ib. Birds Am. IV, 1842, pi. 269.— Nutt. Man. 
I, 2d ed. 1840, 622. 
Jlpternus hirsutus, Bon. List. 1838 .—Ib. Consp. 1850, 129. 
Picus ( Jlpternus) tridactylus, Sw. F. Bor. Am. 11, 1831, 311 ; pi. lvi. 
Jlpternus americanus, Sw. Class. Birds, II, 1837, 306. 
