BIRDS-BOMBYCILLIDAE—AMPELIS GARRULA. 
317 
Comparative measurements of species. 
Catal. 
No. 
Species. 
Locality. 
Sex. 
Length. 
Stretch 
ofwings. 
Wing. 
’Jail. 
Tarsus. 
Middle 
toe. 
fts claw 
alone. 
Bill 
above. 
Along 
gape. 
Specimen 
measured 
A 
5.82 
3.80 
2.59 
0.68 
0.80 
0.22 
0.44 
0.66 
o 
7.25 
12.00 
4.00 
3958 
O 
6.10 
3.64 
2.58 
0.64 
0.70 
0.20 
0.39 
0.64 
¥ 
6.00 
11.00 
3.75 
5818 
Ampelis garrulus. 
Racine, Wis. 
6.78 
4.68 
3.10 
0.76 
0.90 
0.27 
0.46 
0.78 
Dry. 
• AMPELIS GARRULUS, Linn. 
Wax-wing; Bohemian Chatterer. 
“ Lanius garrulus, Linn. Fauna Suecica, 2, No. 82.” 
Jhnpdis garrulus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 297.— Bonap. 2d List, 1842.—In. Conspectus, 1850, 336. 
Bombycilla garrula, Bonap. Zool. Jour. Ill, 1827, 50 .—Ib. Synopsis, 1828, 438 .—Ib. Am. Orn. Ill, 1828, pi. xvi 
Rich. F. B. A. II, 1831, 237.— Aud. Orn. Biog IV, 1838, 462 ; pi. 363 .—Ib. Birds Amer. IV, 
1842, 169; pi. 246.— Iveys, and Blas. Wirb. Europas, I, 1840, 167. 
Sp. Ch. —Highly crested. General color brownish ash, with a faint shade of reddish, especially anteriorly ; the forehead, 
sides of the head, and under tail coverts, brownish orange ; the hinder parts purer ash ; the region about the vent white. 
Primaries and tail feathers plumbeous black, especially towards the tips ; the tail with a terminal band of yellow. A narrow 
frontal line passing backward and involving the eye, and extending above and behind it. Chin and upper part of throat black. 
Tips of the secondary coverts, and a spot on the end of the outer webs of all the quills, white ; those on the inner primaries 
glossed with yellow. Secondaries with red horny tips, like sealing wax. Side of the lower jaw whitish. Length, 7.40 ; 
wing, 4.50 ; tail, 3. 
Hab. —Northern parts of both continents. Seen in the United States only in severe winters, except along the great lakes . 
In the Mississippi valley south to Fort Riley. 
This species, with the general appearance of the cedar bird, is readily distinguished by its 
superior size ; much larger crest; black chin and throat, instead of chin alone ; brownish 
chestnut under tail coverts, instead of white, and the white marks on the wing not found at all 
in the other. In the closed wing, the white on the ends of the primaries forms a continuous 
narrow stripe nearly parallel with the outer edge of the wing. 
The specimen from Fort Riley is probably the most southwestern one on record in North 
America. 
I have no authentic skins of the European Bombycilla garrula before me, but as many 
careful comparisons have been made between specimens from the two continents, they may 
be pretty fairly considered as identical. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. No. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
When collected. 
Whence obtained. 
5810 
$ 
Racine, Wife___ 
November 10, 1852_ 
Dr. P. R. Hoy_ 
5791 
Cleveland, Oliio.___-_ 
1856. 
Dr. J. P. Kirtland. _ 
5875 
Fort Riley, K. T. ___ 
1857.... 
Dr. W. A. Hammond __ 
1871 
Europe?_______ 
S. F. Baird. 
