BIRDS—GRUIDAE—GRUS CANADENSIS. 
655 
deeper apex to tlie lower jaw. The gony is convex, ascending, and far from being in a straight 
line with the basal inferior outline, as in canadensis. The elongated tertials are more vertical 
and curved, with more flowing plumes. 
The young in some ages may resemble the G. canadensis, but the difference in size of body, in 
the thickness of bill, and in the feathers of the head, will serve to distinguish them. The color 
is probably much redder, judging from the single head and neck I have had an opportunity of 
examining. The Grus hoyanus of Dudley appears to be, without doubt, as suggested by Hart- 
laub, the young G . americanus. 
The G. americanus , though common in Texas and Florida, is yet one of the rarest birds in 
collections. There are none in any of the public museums of the United States, as far as I 
have been able to ascertain, and for the opportunity of describing the species I am indebted to 
Mr. Thomas E. Blackney, of Chicago, who generously relinquished the possession of his specimen 
to the Smithsonian Institution. 
According to Wilson this species in his time was occasionally found in the marshes of New 
Jersey, especially near Beesley’s Point. 
List of specimens. 
Catalogue number. 
Locality. 
When collected. 
Whence and how obtained. 
Prepared by— 
10384 
Chicago, Illinois_ 
Texas___ 
Tune, 1858 _ 
Thomas E Blackney_ 
Mr. Cuss in_____ 
F. Kaempfer ..._ 
GRUS CANADENSIS, Temm. 
Sand-hill Crane; Brown Crane. 
Ardea canadensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 234, No. 3.—Gmelin, I, 1788, 620.—Forster, Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, 
382, No. 36. Severn river. 
Grus canadensis, “ Temminck.” Sw. F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 273.— Nuttall, Man. II, 1834, 38.— Bon. Consp. II, 
1855, 98.— Gundlach, Cab. Jour. IV, 1856, 339. 
Grus pratensis, Bartram, Travels in Florida, 1791. 
Grusfusca, Vieillot, Diet. 
Grus poliophaea, Wagler, Syst. Av. 1827, Grus, No. 7. 
Grus ainericuna, Aud. Orn. Biog. Ill, 1835, 441 ; pi. 261. —Ib. Birds Amer. V, 1842, 188 ; pi. 314. (Supposed young.) 
Brown Crane, Pennant, Arc. Zool. II, 443.— Lath. Syn. Ill, i, 43. 
Sp. Ch.—B ill compressed. Lower mandible not as deep towarus the tip as the upper. Gonys nearly straight; in the same 
ine with the basal portion of bill. Commissure decidedly curving from beyond the middle to the tip, where it is even, not 
crenated. .Color bluish gray; the primaries and spurious quills dark plumbeous brown; the shafts white. Cheeks and chin 
whitish. Entire top of head (bounded inferiorly by a line from commissure along the lower eyelid) bare of feathers, warty 
and granulated, thinly beset with short scattered black hairs. Feathers of occiput advancing forward in an obtuse angle; 
the grey feathers along this point, and over the auricular region, tinged with plumbeous. Length, 48 ; wing, 22 ; tarsus, 10 ; 
commissure, 6. 
Hab. —Whole of western regions of United States. Florida. 
The young Grus canadensis differs from the adult, in having the ashy feathers washed more or 
less with light rusty, especially on the wings, scapulars, occiput, and nape. The feathers of 
the occiput appear to extend along the central line of the crown towards the bill, and, possibly, 
in the very young, cover the entire head. One specimen, 9483, at least, has the entire head 
