BIRDS—SCOLOPACIDAE—ACTITURUS BARTRAMIUS, 
737 
PHILOMACHUS PUGNAX, (Linn.) dray. 
Rnff. 
Tringa pugnax, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766,247. 
Machetespugnax, Cuv —Bon. List, 1838. 
Tringa ( Machetes ) pugnax, Nuttall, Man. II, 1834,131. 
Philomachuspugnax, Gray, Genera.—L awrence, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. V, June, 1852,220. Long Island . 
Sp. Ch. —Above varied with black, rufous, and gray, the scapulars and tertials exhibiting these colors in oblique bands. 
Beneath white, varied on the jugulum and throat. Primaries dark brown, with greenish reflection above; the inner webs 
finely mottled towards the base. Outer three tail feathers plain, the remainder transversely barred. Bill brown; sides of 
rump white; legs yellow. Male in spring dress with the feathers of the neck greatly developed into a ruff; the face covered 
with reddish papillae. 
Length, about 10 inches; wing, 6.40; tail, 2.60; bill, 1.25; tarsus, 1.75; middle toe and claw, 1.40. 
Hah .—Northern Europe and Asia. Accidental on Long Island. 
The ruff has been so frequently killed on Long Island as to entitle it to a place among 
descriptions of North American birds, although it cannot be said to belong to our fauna. It 
is a very curious species, conspicuous for the combats among the males during the breeding 
season. At this time the feathers of the neck are greatly elongated, forming a kind of cape or 
ruff, and the face is beset with papillae. 
The ruff is about the size of the Bartram’s tatler or field plover, which it otherwise 
resembles somewhat in color. It has the same mottling of the inner webs of primaries as in 
Tryngites rufescens, though not to so great an extent, this feature not being found in any other 
North American Totaneae, though seen in Limosa. 
ACTITURUS, Bo nap. 
Bartramia, Lesson, Traite d’Orn. 1831. Preoccupied iu Botany. 
Actiturus, Bonap. Saggio, etc., 1831. Type Tringa bartramia, Wils. 
Euliga, Nutt. Man. II, 1834. 
Ch. —Upper mandible grooved laterally to within the terminal fourth, the lower not quite so far. Culmen concave to near 
the tip, where it is slightly decurved; gonys straight. Mouth deeply cleft, almost as far back as the anterior canthus. The 
culmen only about two-thirds the commissure, shorter than the head or tarsus, and about equal to middle toe without claw. 
Feathers extending much further forward on the upper jaw than on the lower, although those of chin reach nearly to end of 
nostrils. Tarsus 1^ times middle toe and claw ; the bare part of tibia not quite equal to the middle toe above; outer toe 
united at base as far as first joint; web of inner toe very basal. Tail long, graduated, more than half the wings. 
ACTITURUS BARTRAMIUS, (Wils.) Bon. 
Bartram’s Sandpiper; Field Plover. 
Tringa bartramia, Wilson, Am. Orn. VII, 1813, 63 ; pi. lix.—A ud. Syn. 1839, 231 .—Ib. Birds Amer. V, 1842, 
248; pi. 327. 
Totanus bartramius, Bon. Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 209 .—Swainson, F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 391 .—Aud. Orn. Biog. IV, 
1838, 24 ; pi. 303. 
“ Actiturus bartramius, Bon. Saggio, 1831 .”—Ib. List, 1838, 51. 
Tringa ( Euliga) bartramia, Nutt. Man. II, 1834, 168. 
Tringoides bartramius, Gray, Genera. 
“ Tringa longicauda, Nilsson.—Bechst. Vogel Deutschl.—N aumann, Nachtrage ; pi. xxxviii.” (Dates unknown.) 
Totanus campestris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. XXXIV, 1819, 454. 
? Totanus melanopygius, Vieillqt, Nouv. Diet. 
Totanus variegatus, Vieillot. “ Nouv. Diet. 2d ed. VI, 317 .”—Ib . Galerie II, 1825, 107 ; pi. 239, 
Bartramia laticauda, Lesson, Traite d’Orn. 1831, 553 
August 11, 1858. 
93 b 
