410 
U. S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
Comparative measurements of species. 
Catal. 
No. 
Species. 
Sex. 
Length. 
Wing. 
Tail. 
Tarsus. 
Middle 
toe. 
Its claw 
alone. 
Bill above. 
Along 
gape. 
Specimens 
measured. 
543 
8.00 
4.36 
4.06 
0.88 
0.96 
0.34 
0.56 
0.60 
1208 
3 
9.00 
4.52 
4.08 
0.86 
0.94 
0.34 
0.58 
0.56 
Skin. 
PINICOLA CANADENSIS, Caban is. 
Pine Grosbeak. 
Coccothraustes canadensis, Brisson, Orn. Ill, 1760, 250 ; pi. xii, f. 3. 
“ Cory thus canadensis, Brkhm, Vogel Deutsehlands,” (1831?) 
Pinicola canadensis, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1851, 167. 
Pinicola americana, (Cab. MSS.) Bp. Consp. 1850, 528. 
Loxia enucleator, Forst. Phil. Trans. LXII, 1772, 383 .—Wils. Am. Orn. I, 1808, 80 ; pi. v. 
Pyrrhula enucleator, Aud. Orn. Biog. IV, 1838, 414 ; pi. 358. 
Corythus enucleator, Bonap. List, 1838.— Aud. Syn. 127.— Ib. Birds Amer. Ill, 1841, 179 ; pi. 199. 
Sp. Ch. —Bill and legs black. General color carmine red, not continuous above, however, except on the head ; the feathers 
showing brownish centres on the back, where, too, the red is darker. Loral region, base of lower jaw all round, sides and 
posterior part of body, with under tail coverts, ashy, whitest behind . Wing with two white bands across the tips of the greater 
and middle coverts ; the outer edges of the (juills also white, broadest on the tertiaries. 
Female ashy, brownish above, tinged with greenish yellow beneath ; top of head, rump, and upper tail coverts, brownish 
gamboge yellow. Wings as in the male. Length about 8.50 ; wing, 4.50 ; tail, 4.00. 
Hab .—Arctic America. South to United States in severe winters. 
In comparing an American specimen of the Pine grosbeak (1208) with a European, (P. enu¬ 
cleator,) in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy, I find the former considerably larger, 
(wing 4.76, instead of 4.40,) the bill much stouter and more bulging at the sides, the tip of 
the upper mandible much less decurved and less projecting over the lower. The tail feathers 
are much broader. The legs are black, the bill dark brown, instead of both being horn color. 
There is little difference in the character of the red ; there is, however, much more white on 
the wing in very broad and sharply defined pure white external edgings of the quills, especially 
on the tertials, secondaries, and greater coverts, instead of having these narrower, less conspicu¬ 
ous, and tinged with rose. Without being sure that these differences of the two skins are either 
constant or characteristic, I think it proper to quote such references only as belong to American 
specimens. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. No. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
Whence obtained. 
543 
New York_ 
S. F. Baird___ 
554 
_do_ 
2866 
Unknown _ 
do 
1208 
3 
Philadelphia_ 
