BIRDS—FRINGILLIDAE—SPIZELLA SOCIALIS. 
473 
SPIZELLA PUSILLA, B o n a p . 
Field Sparrow. 
Fringilla pusilla, Wilson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 121 ; pi. xvi, f. 2.— Liciit. Verzeichn. Doubl. 1823, No. 252 —Aud. 
Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 299 ; pi. 139. 
Spizella pusilla, Bonap. List, 1838. —Ib. Conspec. 1850,480. 
Emberiza pusilla, Aud. Syn. 1839, 104 .—Ib. Birds Amer. Ill, 1841, 77 ; pi. 164. 
Spinites pusillus, Cab. Mas. Hein. 1851, 133. 
Fringilla junconun, Nutt. Man. I, 1832, 499 ; 2d ed. 1840, 577. (Supposed by him to be Motacilla juncorum, 
Gmelin, I, 952; Sylvia juncorum, Latham, Ind. II, 511 ; Little Brown Sparrow, Catesby, 
Car. I, 35.) 
Sp. Ch.—B ill red. Crown continuous rufous red. Back somewhat similar, streaked with blackish. Sides of head and neck 
(including a superciliary stripe) ashy. Ear coverts rufous. Beneatli white, tinged with yellowish anteriorly. Tail feathers and 
quills faintly edged with white. Two white bands across the wing coverts. Length, about 5.75 ; wing, 2.34. 
—Eastern North America to the Missouri river. 
This species is about the size of S. socialis, but is more rufous above ; lacks the black forehead 
and eye stripe ; has chestnut ears instead of ash ; has the bill red instead of black ; lacks the 
clear ash of the rump ; has a longer tail, &c. It is more like monticola, but is much smaller; 
lacks the spot on the breast, and the predominance of white on the wings, &c. The young have 
the breast and sides streaked. 
Although it is quite possible that the “little brown sparrow/’ of Catesby, refers to the 
present bird, yet “small sparrow, entirely brown,” is scarcely a sufficient diagnosis upon 
which to found a species. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. 
No. 
436 
1378 
824 
1374 
730 
10151 
1592 
8234 
4802 
4800 
4801 
5413 
5412 
Sex. 
Locality. 
When col¬ 
lected. 
Whence obtained. 
Orig’l 
No. 
Collected by— 
8 
9 
9 
8 
9 
8 
May 31,1841 
April 22, 1844 
Oct. 20, 1842 
April 19,1844 
Sept. 20, 1842 
S. F. Baird. 
8 
Independence, Mo. 
Fort Leavenworth. 
June 6,1857 
April 21,1856 
May 3, 1856 
May 24, 1856 
June 21, 1856 
Sept. —, 1856 
W. M. Magraw... 
Lt. G. K. Warren. 
57 
Dr. Cooper. 
Dr. Hayden. 
.do. 
8 
Length. 
Stretch 
ofwings. 
Wing. 
Remarks. 
5.25 
5.17 
5.25 
5.75 
5.25 
8.00 
7.75 
7.75 
8.17 
7.50 
2.33 
2.42 
2.33 
5.75 
8.50 
2.75 
5.87 
5.50 
5.50 
5.25 
8.25 
8.12 
8.00 
8.50 
2.75 
2.50 
2.75 
2.75 
Eyes dark. 
Eye black (?). 
SPIZELLA SOCIALIS, Bonap. 
Chipping Sparrow. 
Fringilla socialis, Wilson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 127; pi. xvi, f. 5.— Aud. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 21 : V, 517 ; pi. 104. 
Spizella socialis, Bon. List, 1838.— Ib. Conspectus, 1850, 480. 
Emberiza socialis, Aud. Syn. 1839. —Ib. Birds Amer. Ill, 1841, 80 ; pi. 165. 
Spinites socialis, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1851, 133. (Type.) 
Sp. Ch.—R ump, back of neck, and sides of neck and head, ashy. Interscapular region with black streaks, margined with 
pale rufous. Crown continuous and uniform chestnut. Forehead black, separated in the middle by white. A white streak 
over the eye, and a black ono from the base of the bill through and behind the eye. Under parts unspotted whitish, tinged 
with ashy, especially across the upper breast. Tail feathers and primaries edged with paler, not white. Two narrow white 
bands across the wing coverts. Bill black. Length, 5.75 ; wing, nearly 3.00. 
Hab .—North America, from Atlantic to Pacific. 
June 17, 1858. 
60 b 
