512 
U. S. P. E. E. EXP. AND SUEVEYS-ZOOLOGY-GENEEAL EEPOET, 
XL, 1855, 356,) with Pyrgisoma hieneri, of Conspectus, 186, as type ( Pyrgisoma is based upon 
Arremon biarcuatus, of Lafresnaye, figured in Yoyage de la Yenus, tab. vi, and erroneously 
assigned to California.) The other species given as belonging to the genus are Pipilo rufipileus , 
( chlorurus ) torquatus , rufescens, fuscus, and aberti. It is probable that the P. chlorurus would 
be our North American type of Kieneria . I am not prepared to suggest a name for section B. 
Gray gives Melozone (not Meloxene ) of Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. pi. lxxix, 1850, as ante¬ 
dating Pyrgisoma of Pucheran, 1851. The name, however, is given in Conspectus Avium, 20 
July, 1850, although according to the title page, pi. *79 of Reichenbach was published June 
1, 1850. 
Comparative measurements of species. 
Catal. 
No. 
Species. 
Locality. 
Sex &, age. 
Length. 
Stretch of 
wings. 
Wing. 
Tail. 
Tarsus. 
Middle toe. 
Its claw 
alone. 
Hind toe 
and claw. 
Hind claw 
alone. 
Hill above. 
Along gape. 
Specimen 
measured. 
2135 
8 
7.70 
3.54 
4.30 
1.08 
1.12 
0.30 
0.76 
0.40 
0.54 
0.69 
8.75 
11.50 
3.75 
Frpsli ... 
R1Q4 
Fort Leavenworth,K. T. 
9 
6.84 
3.08 
3.70 
1.07 
1.01 
0.30 
0.71 
0.36 
0.56 
0.62 
7.25 
10.25 
3.37 
fil 93 
8 
7.50 
3.45 
4.14 
1.00 
1.02 
0.30 
0.72 
0.35 
0.58 
0.68 
8.25 
11.25 
3.56 
$ 
7.50 
3.39 
3.99 
1.05 
1.08 
0 31 
0.74 
0.39 
0.55 
0.66 
8 
8.00 
3.36 
4.44 
1.06 
1.06 
0.31 
0.74 
0.41 
0.55 
0.66 
8.25 
10.25 
9 
7.20 
3.08 
3.86 
1.04 
1.06 
0.30 
0.74 
0.38 
0.55 
0 61 
7.75 
10.00 
3.25 
8.00 
3.32 
4.04 
1.10 
1.02 
0.27 
0.74 
0.37 
0.56 
0.70 
3910 
Pipilo megalonyx. 
California.. 
9 
7.52 
3.24 
4.14 
1.08 
1.06 
0.36 
0.86 
0,50 
0.60 
0.68 
Skin. 
* 
7.62 
3.39 
4.24 
1.08 
1.10 
0.38 
0 90 
0.53 
0.56 
0.68 
£717 
Fort Tliorn. 
A 
8.00 
3.46 
4.46 
1.08 
1.12 
0.30 
0.86 
0.40 
0.54 
0.69 
Skin. 
$ 
8.90 
3 86 
4.90 
1.10 
1 12 
0 30 
0.79 
0.40 
0.62 
0 67 
9 
7.84 
3.42 
4.38 
1.12 
1.09 
0.32 
0.80 
0.44 
0 56 
0.63 
Skin. .. 
8.60 
3 77 
4 58 
L01 
1 00 
0.30 
0 70 
0.32 
0.64 
0.66 
<? 
6.72 
3 00 
3 70 
0 96 
0 90 
0.28 
0.66 
0.37 
0.44 
0.48 
1896 
Rocky mountains. 
o$ 
6.80 
3.05 
3.30 
0.96 
0.92 
0.28 
0.66 
0.36 
0.47 
0.54 
Skin. 
PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS, Yieillot. 
Ground Robin; Towhee ; Chewink. 
Fringilla erylhrophthalma, I, inn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 318. — Add. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 151 : V, 511 ; pi. 29. 
Embe.riza erythrophthalma, G»i. Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 874.— Wilson, Am. Orn. VI, 1812, 90 ; pi. liii. 
Pipillo erytlirophthalmus, Vieii.l. Gal. Ois. I, 1824, 109 ; pi. Ixxx. 
Pipilo erythrophthalmvs. Bon. List, 1838 —In. Conspectus, 1850, 487.— Aud. Syn. 1839, 124. —Ib. Birds Amer. Ill, 
1841, 167 ; pi. 195. 
Pipilo ater, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. XXXIV, 1819, 292. 
Towhee Bird , Catesby, Car. I, 34. — Towhee Bunting, Latiiam, Syn II, i, 1783, 199.— Pennant, II, 1785, 359. 
Sp. Ch. —Upper parts generally, head and neck all round, and upper part of the breast, glossy black, abruptly defined against 
the pure white which extends to the anus, but is bounded on the sides and under the wings by light chestnut. Under coverts 
similar to sides, but paler. Edges of outer six primaries with white at the base and on the middle of the outer web ; inner 
two tertiaries also edged externally with white. Tail feathers black ; outer web of the first, with the ends of the first to the 
third white, decreasing from the exterior one. Iris red. Length, 8.75 ; wing, 3.75 ; tail, 4.10. 
Female with the black replaced by brown. 
Hal), —Eastern United States to the Missouri river. 
In this species the cutting edge of the mandible is slightly concave, and not sinuated. The 
wing is short and rounded : the fourth quill longest; the first about equal to the secondaries. 
