522 
U. S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS—ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
DOLICHONYX, Swain son. 
Dolichonyx, Swainson, Zool. Journ. Ill, 1827, 351. Type Emberiza oryzivora, L. 
Ch.—B ill short, stout, conical, little more than half the head ; the commissure slightly sinuated ; the culmen nearly straight. 
Middle toe considerably longer than the tarsus (which is about as long as the head); the inner lateral toe longest, but not 
reaching the base of the middle claw. Wings long, first quill longest. Tail feathers acuminately pointed at the tip, with the 
shafts stiffened and rigid, as in the woodpeckers. 
The peculiar characteristic of this species is found in the rigid scansorial tail and the very long 
middle toe, hy means of which it is enabled to grasp the vertical stems of reeds or other slender 
plants. The color of the known species is black, varied with whitish patches on the upper 
parts. 
In coloration, this genus bears a close relation to Calamospiza, although the other differences 
are very decided. Both are black, with white patches on the wings. Dolichonyx has, in 
addition, a white patch on the rump and a yellowish one on the nape. 
But one species is at present known to naturalists. 
Comparative measurements. 
Catal. 
No. 
Species. 
Locality. 
Sex and age. 
Length. 
Stretch of 
wings. 
Wing. 
Tail. 
Tarsus. 
Middle toe. 
Its claw 
alone. 
Hind toe 
and claw. 
Hind claw 
alone. 
Bill above. 
Along gape. 
Specimen 
measured. 
977 
6.70 
3.76 
3.12 
1.03 
1.10 
0.29 
0.84 
0.40 
0.59 
0.60 
.do. 
7.25 
12.00 
3.90 
Fresh. 
6522 
A 
6.30 
3.90 
3.10 
1.02 
1.07 
0.30 
0.85 
0.42 
0.60 
0.62 
7.08 
12.00 
4.00 
Fresh. 
6524 
O 
6.00 
3.52 
2.96 
0.94 
1.00 
0.26 
0.78 
0.40 
0.56 
0.60 
V 
7.50 
10.50 
3.50 
4582 
6.90 
4.02 
3.18 
0.94 
0,89 
0.28 
0.75 
0.34 
0.66 
0.64 
6486 
s 
6.84 
4.34 
3.38 
1.02 
0.90 
0.22 
0.72 
0.31 
0.66 
0.69 
611 
Q 
6.60 
3.70 
2.98 
0.94 
0.86 
0.24 
0.65 
0.30 
0.58 
0.61 
DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS, Swainson. 
Bobliuk; Reed Bird; Rice Bird. 
Emberiza oryzivora, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766,311.— Gm. I, 1788, 850.— Wilson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 48; pi. xii; 
f. 1, 2. 
Passerina oryzivora, Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. XXV, 1817, 3. 
Dolichonyx oryzivora, Swainson, Zool. Jour. Ill, 1827, 351.— Ib. F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 278.— Bon. List, 1838.— Ib. 
Conspectus, 1850, 437.— Aud. Syn. 1839, 139.— Ib. Birds Amer. IV, 1842, 10; pi. 211.— 
Gosse, Birds Jam. 1847,229. 
Icterus agripennis, Bonap. Obs. Wils. 1824, No. 87.— Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 283 : V, 1839, 486 ; pi. 54.— Nutt. 
Man. I, 1832, 185. 
Icterus ( Emberizoides ) agripennis, Bon. Syn. 1828, 53. 
Dolichonyx agripennis, Rich. List, 1837. 
Psarocolius caudacutus, Wagler, Syst. Av. 1827, 32. 
Sp. Cii.—G eneral color of male in spring black ; the nape brownish cream color ; a patch on the side of the breast, the 
scapulars and rump white, shading into light ash on the upper tail covers and the back below the interscapular region. The 
outer primaries sharply margined with yellowish white ; the tertials less abruptly ; the tail feathers margined at the tips with 
pale brownish ash. 
Female yellowish beneath ; two stripes on the top of the head, and the upper parts throughout, except the back of the neck 
and rump, and including all the wing feathers generally, dark brown, all edged with brownish yellow, which becomes whiter 
near the tips of the quills. The sides sparsely streaked with dark brown, and a similar stripe behind the eye. There is a 
superciliary and a median band of yellow on the head. 
Length of male, 7.70 ; wing, 3.83 ; tail, 3.15. 
Ilab. —Eastern United States to the high central plains. Seen 50 miles east of Laramie. 
