560 
U. S. P. E. E. EXP. AND SUEVEYS-ZOOLOGY—GENEEAL EEPOET. 
About the size of C. americanus of the north ; the tarsus much longer ; hill larger. 
C. var. floridanus. 
Middle toe and claw decidedly longer than tarsus measured from the beginning of the 
scutellae. Inner lateral claw not reaching to the base of the middle. Black, with 
greenish reflection on the belly. Length 14 to 15 inches ; wing, 10.50 ; tail, less 
than 7 inches...(7. ossifragus. 
CORVUS CARNIVORUS, Bar tram. 
American Raven. 
Corvus carnivorus, JBartram, Travels in E. Florida, 1793, 290 
Corvus corax, Wilson, Am. Orn. IX, 1825, 136 ; pi Ixxv, f. 3— Bonap. Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 36 .—Ib. Syn. 1828, 
56.— Doughtt, Cab. N. H. I, 1830, 270; pi. xxiv.— Rich. F. B. Am. II, 1831, 290_ 
Nuttall, Man. I, 1832, 202.— Aud Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 476 ; pi. 101 .—Ib. Syn. 1839, 150_ 
Ib. Birds Amer, IV, 1842, 78 ; pi. 224. 
Corvus cacalotl, “ Wagler,” ? Bonap. Pr. Zool. Soc. 1837, 115. (Perhaps true cacalotl.)— Ib. List, 1838. Probably 
not of Wagler.— Ib. Conspectus, 1850, 387.— Maximilian, Reise innere Nord Amer. II, 1841, 
289. Does not consider it different from European. —Newberry, P. It. R. Rep. VI, iv, 1857,82. 
Corvus lugubris, Agassiz, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. II, Dec. 1846, 188. 
Sp. Cii.—F ourth quill longest ; third and fifth about equal ; second between fifth and sixth ; first nearly equal to the eighth. 
Length, about 24 or 25 inches ; extent, 50 to 51 ; wing, about 17 ; tail, 10. Tail moderately graduated ; the outer about 1.60 
to 1.90 of an inch less than the middle. Entirely glossy black, with violet reflections. 
Ilab .—Entire continent of North America. Rare east of the Mississippi. 
In this species the feathers of the head above and body are compact and blended ; those of the 
back of the neck are very smooth and even, but do not show the outlines of each separately as 
elsewhere. On the chin and throat the feathers are elongated and lanceolate, each one more 
or less pendent or free, with the outlines distinct to near the base. The bill is very long, (3 
inches,) and considerably curved, the upper mandible extending considerably over the upper at 
the end. 
The feet appear very short and stout; the tarsi with but seven scutellae ; rather longer than 
the middle toe and claw ; the lateral claws about equal, and extending to a little beyo'nd the 
base of the middle claw. The fourth quill is longest; the third about equal to the fifth ; the 
second considerably longer than the sixth ; the first about equal to the eighth primary. The 
distances in inches from the end of the longest primary to the tips of the others are as follows: 
1st. 
2d. 
3d. 
4th. 
5th. 
6th. 
7th. 
8th. 
9th. 
5186 
5865 
Upper Missouri_ 
Riley_ 
5. 65 
5. 30 
O O 
CO iQ 
. 25 
.25 
. 25 
. 29 
2.80 
2. 30 
4. 35 
3. 85 
5. 45 
5. 00 
6. 40 
5.70 
The tail is quite considerably graduated, the ends of all the feathers being visible from below. 
The outer is about 1.66 inches shorter than the inner, in one specimen, (5865,) in another, it 
is 1.90, (5186.) 
The color is everywhere lustrous black, dullest on the belly and top of the head. There is 
generally a strong violet reflection on the lustrous feathers, more greenish on the outer primaries. 
In the series before me I find considerable variation in size and proportions, even in specimens 
from adjacent localities. Thus No. 5865, from Fort Eiley, has the bill 1.08 inches high or 
