BIRDS—ALCIDAE-PHALERIS PUSILLA. 
909 
This handsome little species is easily recognized by its short elevated caruncle at the base of 
the bill and its small size, though larger than the succeeding. The figure of Mr. Audubon 
cited above is very accurate, and represents the adult bird, though the young differs in no 
material character. In all the specimens the under parts are spotted as described above, except 
the throat, which is pure white. It appears to be abundant on the coasts of northwestern 
America and northeastern Asia. 
It is possible that the pigmy auk of Pennant, which is Alca pygmaea, Gmelin, may be the 
young of this species, but it is more probable, judging from the descriptions of Latham and 
Gmelin, that several small species have been confounded under this name. Latham describes 
his bird as having the bill: “ the top is ridged, but on the sides of the ridge is considerably 
depressed, as in the duck” which is a character of no species which has come under our notice. 
List of specimens. 
Catal. No. 
Locality. 
Whence obtained. 
8094 
Northwest coast of America ___..._„_ 
John Gould_ ______ 
PHALERIS PUSILLA, Pallas. 
The Least Auk. 
Uria pusilla, Pallas, Zoog. Ross.-Asiat. If, 1811, 373. 
Figures.—Pallas, Zoog. Ross.-Asiat. II, pi. 90. 
Sp. Ch. —Smaller than either of the preceding. Head rather large; bill short, slightly curved upwards towards the tip, 
without appendages ; a longitudinal groove in the under mandible ; wing moderate, second quill slightly longest ; tail short, 
truncate or even at the end ; legs and feet rather large. Entire upper parts black, lustrous on the head above and back. 
Scapular feathers ashy white, giving the appearance of two white spots on the upper view of the bird ; secondary quills tipped 
with white ; a spot of white over the eye ; a few hair-like feathers in front white, and a few of the same kind behind the eye. 
Entire under parts white, with some narrow transverse lines of dark ashy on the sides. Bill black : edges of botli mandibles at 
base, and tip of under mandible yellow ; legs dark. Narrow space on the throat at the base of the under mandible and cheeks 
dark brownish cinereous. 
Total length about 5| inches ; wing, 3g ; tail, 1 inch. 
Hab. —Northwestern coast of America? Semiavine Straits, (Nat. Mus. from Capt. Rodger’s North Pacific Exploring 
Expedition.) Kamtschatka, (Pallas.) 
Tliis interesting little species is the bird described by Pallas as above, and is altogether 
distinct from the preceding. It is probably the very smallest of the sea birds, and is easily 
distinguished by the clear black of its upper plumage and pure white of the under parts, with 
the additional prominent character of having white scapulars. 
The only specimens that we have ever seen of this bird are in the National Museum, and are 
part of the very extensive zoological collection made by the North Pacific Exploring and 
Surveying Expedition in command of Capt. John Rodgers, United States navy. 
List of specimens. 
Catalogue No. 1 Locality. 
Whence obtained. 
Collected by— 
_ Seniavine Straits_ 
W Stimpson_- 
