164 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
stated) the corn upon both parts was planted and treated alike—but 
no difference was perceived in the product. 
2. He dressed one part of a field of corn with the cultivator, and an¬ 
other part with a plough, and finished both with a hand hoe. He per 
ceived no difference in the crop, though some said the corn«made with" 
the cultivator was the best. The saving of labor, however, by the use 
of the cultivator, he thinks, was two to five and a half or six. 
3. His skinless oats produced little more than the seed. 
4. An experiment in drilling wheat proved nearly a total failure : he 
hardly got two for one. 
Mr. Garnet thus notices a class of farmers, not confined to Virginia 
whom he denominates “Procrastinators.” 
“ A family, by the way, (says he) which I fear, has more members 
in our dear state than in any other that can be named. I speak under- 
standingly (as congressmen say) on this subject, being at least cousin- 
german to some who rank.very high among the brotherhood ; although I 
must confess I do not pride - myself much on the relationship. Among 
planters and farmers, this family does quite as much mischief as the 
Hessian fly, the wheat-worm, the chink-bug and all other flies, worms 
and bugs put together, that war upon their crops; and the man who 
could devise an effectual cure for their besetting sin, would justly me¬ 
rit the highest civic honors which could be conferred on him. Cure 
this, and we should no longer ‘ postpone to a more convenient season/ 
(as unbelievers do the consideration of religion) matters that impera¬ 
tively require our immediate attention. We should never lose, as now 
frequently happens, a subordinate and subsidiary, but still important 
crop, by delaying to secure it at a critical time, merely because (as we 
say) it would be working out of turn. We should do every thing at 
the right season, but the particular order in which they were done, 
should always be varied according to the changes of the weather, and 
the condition of our arable lands. Thus to act, at all times, is the 
great art to secure success in all the branches of husbandry; and 
none who practise it constantly, will ever be under any necessity to 
abandon their native homes, their friends and their kindred, for strange 
lands, in pursuit of riches.” 
We make another extract from Mr. Garnet’s address descriptive of 
some of the ruling passions of the dav, abounding in truth, and full of 
admonition. 
“Thousands of these (northern farmers) are making fortunes—if 
not as rapidly as the cotton and sugar planters of the south, yet with 
all reasonable speed, and moreover, in peace and safety; while the lat¬ 
ter are making them at the daily hazard of their lives—hazards inevi¬ 
tably produced by climate, or incidentally, but not the less certainly, by 
such universal laxity—nay, total inefficiency of legal restraints, as 
most unquestionably renders the three great blessings of free govern¬ 
ment, life, liberty and property, far less secure than in any of the old 
thirteen United States. I say not this from any invidious motive to¬ 
wards our younger sister states—no, God forbid; but simply to urge 
what I believe to be an undeniable fact, as an inducement to prefer an 
old to a newly settled country; in other words, to live in and die by old 
Virginia. Without doubt, there are thousands of as good men in the 
new states as in the old; but the truth, I think, cannot be denied, that 
there is far less power—I will not say inclination—in the former, to 
restrain and punish the immoral portion of their population; and hence 
the perpetration of a much greater number of those outrages and crimes 
that mar the peace and happiness of every community wherein they 
are committed. The appetite for making money in the new states 
would be quite as strong in the old, if constantly stimulated and pro¬ 
voked by the same powerful incentives; for man is much the same in 
his passions every where. But we have less of that demoralizing spirit 
of speculation engendered by the inordinate lust for wealth, because 
there are much fbwer subjects and opportunities to gratify it. Our 
government being much older, all the different trades, professions and 
callings, essential to a regular organized society, have long existed 
among us, in a numeral ratio, duly proportioned, or nearly so, to each 
other. The necessary consequence of this-state of things is, that a 
systematic, uniform course of business is established for each, which, 
in a great measure, precludes speculation: labor, food, clothing, and 
all which constitutes the material for the internal trade and commerce 
of the country, possesses an interchangeable value approaching much 
nearer to a certainty, and therefore affording far less chance for those 
inordinate gains frequently made in new countries, and which form the 
sole temptation with most persons to seek them. The new settlers 
there, with very few exceptions, soon become, to the citizens of the old 
countries, what the lottery brokers and dealers in that species of gam¬ 
bling are to the regular tradesmen and yeomanry of every country. The 
first cannot exist with small, or even moderate profits; but live in a 
constant state of feverish excitement, and with an omnivorous appe¬ 
tite for gain, whose cravings increase with every new supply of food, 
however enormous in quantity that may be. This appetite by fre¬ 
quent indulgence, soon becomes a disease, not less destructive, to both 
moral and physical health, than drunkenness; and he who voluntarily, 
and with no better motive than to increase wealth, already sufficient, 
places himself in an atmosphere wherein he is daily and hourly exposed 
to contract it, (as almost every settler in our new states does) can 
hardly expect to escape, nor does he merit exemption. The worst con¬ 
sequence of this all-absorbing passion is, that, in the universal scram¬ 
ble for dollhrs and cents which it inevitably produces, public spirit is 
paralyzed—our benevolent and social feelings are blunted, if not anni¬ 
hilated ; our regard for the preservation of order, and the inviolability 
of law, is either lost or forgotten; and the moral condition of society 
grows worse and worse, until it becomes so intolerable as to end in 
civil commotion and bloodshed. Men know not themselves, while liv¬ 
ing under a government of laws, where justice is regularly administer¬ 
ed, and crimes certainly punished. But let them once get beyond these 
salutary restraints, and many of them soon become as indifferent ani¬ 
mals, as if they belonged to an entirely different race of beings. To 
what other causes, but such as I have enumerated, can we ascribe the 
notorious facts, that in some of our new states it has not unfrequently 
happened, that citizens, in broad day light, shoot and assassinate each 
other with entire impunity, in their own houses, and in the public streets 
of their towns and villages; that the civil magistrate, in attempting the 
execution of his duty, has been mobbed, and his life endangered, and 
that large bodies of men have, on some occasions, constituted them¬ 
selves, the judges, jurors and executioners, of several individuals, either 
by hanging them without any process of law whatever, or murdering 
them in a jail to which they had been legally committed? The end 
and practice of such men might be given in a few words, and thus cate- 
chetically stated. 
“ Who made you ? I don’t know. For what purpose were you 
made? To do what I please, if strong enough, and to make money. 
What is the use of making if ? To make more. What are the means? 
Any which you believe you can practise successfully. Are health, and 
life, and reputation worth risking for such purposes? Aye, verily, and 
much more, since the command of money enables you to command 
every thing else in this world, except the three trifles just mentioned.” 
Superior Cow. —Francis Bloodgood, Esq. late mayor of our city, has 
recently imported a cow from England, of remarkable milking proper¬ 
ties. Two weeks ago she dropped a fine bull calf; and at the writing 
of this notice, the quantity of milk per day, drawn at morning, noon 
and night, and accurately measured in the presence of several persons, 
is ascertained to he thirty-three quarts and a pint. Her feed has been 
one and a half bushel of brewer’s grains per day, and as much hay as 
she would consume. This affords a fine illustration of the vast diffe¬ 
rence between good and ordinary farm stock. 
HINTS ON FEEDING HORSES. 
In feeding horses with grain , the proper quantity of the respective 
kinds is regulated by weight, for in this proportion are the different 
kinds considered nutritious. As for example, we give to a horse per 
day half a bushel of oats, the weight of which is 17 lbs. and if we wish 
to change to other grain, as barley, rye or Indian corn, the same weight 
will suffice; and as these grains are much heavier than oats, a propor¬ 
tionate less quantity, by measure, will suffice. Another rule, deemed 
important, is this, that whenever heavier grain is substituted for oats, 
a quantity of fine cut straw should be added, as a substitute for the 
husk of the oats. This induces a more perfect digestion of the grain. 
The practice of giving dry grain to horses when pastured, or fed 
with green cut grass, is condemned; for the grain, thus given, is never 
perfectly digested, on account of the effect of the watery juices of the 
grass upon digestion. When dry grain and green feed are given, as 
much interval should be allowed between the dry and green food as 
circumstances will permit. 
Von Thaer considers 8 lbs. of meadow hay equal in nourishment to 
3 lbs of oats; that hay improves by age, if well kept, and is most nu¬ 
tritious for horses when a year old; that the second growth is not 
equally nourishing; and that hay should not be unnecessarily exposed 
in making, the freshness of its scent being peculiarly gratifying to 
horses and cattle. 
In Holland and Flanders, farm-horses are uniformly soiled during 
summer. A horse is supposed to consume from 84 to 100 lbs. of green 
food per day, with occasional grain. An acre of clover, at two cut¬ 
tings, will give twelve tons of green food; and hence half an acre of 
clover, led green, will suffice for a horse four months. 
It is also a general practice in Flanders, and is extensively adopted 
in Great Britain, to convert the entire food into manger-meat, that is, 
to mix the cut straw and hay, the grain and the roots, or whatever is 
to constitute the provender for the day, and to feed altogether in the 
manger, in regular messes. The value of this mode of feeding is al¬ 
leged to consist— 
“ 1. In its requiring a more thorough mastication of the food than 
when it is given in the common way, thereby assisting digestion, and 
consequently promoting the nutrition of the animal; for, it is not only 
true that old horses lose much of the power of mastication, and that 
young and greedy cattle fire apt to devour a considerable part of their 
