THE CULTIVATOR. 
57 
tendency of their lives to sensuality and mental effeminancy is counteracted. 
The London Quarterly Review, one of the best authorities on the subject, 
says, that some of the most beautiful women in England, if not in the world, 
are to be found among the milliner girls of London; the illegitimate and un¬ 
owned offspring of the nobility, from connexion with the most beautiful and 
intellectual of the middling and lower classes, females who have rarely been 
able to resist the combined influence of rank and wealth. These facts, which 
are not to be disputed, seem to place the proposition that the progeny will re¬ 
semble the original structure of the parents beyond a reasonable doubt. 
There may be exceptions to the rules indicated by the above ascertained 
facts- as a good cow may have a bad calf, or a bad cow a good one; and now 
and then a respectable, intellectual man, or a beautiful woman, may spring 
from a stock to which in general such qualities are utter strangers. But these 
changes are temporary, owing to adventitious circumstances, and do not spring 
from any constitutional alteration; consequently they usually disappear w ith 
the individual. So too in the best races of men or animals inferior specimens 
may occasionally be found, yet their progeny will usually have redeeming 
qualities, which show the excellence of the stock from which they sprung. 
Their faults are .purely accidental or individual;, they do not belong to the 
constitution of the race, and therefore end with the one on whom the faults 
“Experience has shown that there is little danger in breeding from a horse 
which is not perfectly unexceptionable, if his pedigree shows in b °th lines ail 
unbroken succession of good blood; his faults do not-belong to the breed, and 
are therefore rarely if ever propagated. But if m his pedigree you find a cross 
of decidedly inferior blood, beware lest you do not find the defects of the pa¬ 
rent continued in the progeny; a sure proof that the difficulty is constitutional, 
and the defect one which can no more be got rid of than the hair or hoofs, 
Bad blood will sooner or later show itself; it is like the disposition to lunacy 
in certain families, sometimes passing two or three generations and then be¬ 
coming again fully developed. We have witnessed another singular illustra¬ 
tion ofthe tenacity with which constitutional defects cling to arace, in a fami- 
lv in which in both the male and female lines there is tendency to produce in¬ 
dividuals with six fingers and six toes; and in which scarcely a family of chil¬ 
dren can be found, one or more of which are not distinguished by this extra 
member. 
blay, Crespel Delise, and Payen, reporter, with practical instructions, 
and prize questions on the extraction of sugar from beets, adapted to 
rural establishments, and the means of improving and forwarding this 
branch of industry, made in 1836.—[ Concluded .] 
[Translated from the French, by Dr Spoor.] 
Crystallization. —To expedite the formation of crystals, it is best to place 
the moulds in a close room, and to keep up a gentle heat in it, at least for the 
first crystallizations; for after pouring th® boiled sirup daily into the coolers 
and moulds, the temperature will be maintained at the proper degree without 
any other care. Any room where fire is commonly kept will serve for this 
crystallization. 
Draining or leaching. —When the whole mass becomes well crystallized, 
the openings in the moulds should he uncorked for the molasses to run out; no 
precautions are necessary except to keep up the temperature nearly to that of 
a green-house, so as to prevent the draining going on too slowly. 
When the raw sugar becomes sufficiently drained, so that the sirup is no 
longer to be seen in it, which takes place in from eight to twelve days, with 
the exception sometimes of a quarter or a fifth part of the height of the mould 
towards lhe point, the sugar may be delivered to the refiners, or spread out in 
beds of from two to three inches, in thickness, on shelves in a v\ .rm and dry 
place, in order the better to dry it before it is sent away. If the draining is pro¬ 
longed in a cellar that is somewhat damp, the upper part of the loaf may be 
spontaneously refined and whitened by the moisture which gradually setlles 
upon it each day, and carries off with it the salts and soluble foreign matter, 
that affected the taste of the raw sugar. The whole thickness of the part thus 
refined may be removed.at once, or in different portions, then left to dry, and 
directly employed for domestic purposes. 
Reboiling the molasses.— All the molasses ought to be reboiled in the shal¬ 
low pan, with still more precaution than the sirups, for they are more liable to 
burn. If they are of very good quality, they are put into moulds to clarify; 
but if they are not rich in sugar, the products of all the boilings are mixed to¬ 
gether, in any kind of vessels, such as stone jars, cast iron pots, or even w ell 
hooped casks. A second slow crystallization takes place in a longer or short¬ 
er time; and after having decanted the molasses, the crystals are taken out 
with a ladle, in order to drain them in a mould or bucket, the bottom of which 
is provided with a clean cloth. These sugars well drained, may be treated 
like the first, although they are not so fine. 
! The second molasses may once more be reboiled, and a third crystallization 
The practic il inferences we would wish those who are engaged m the laud¬ 
able effort of improving horses, cattle, or sheep, by crossing breeds, or by im¬ 
porting to draw from the above remarks, are first, to get the best blood belong- _ , . . _ 
ing to°the breed, and secondly, to secure animals that combine the greatest be obtained from them, by setting them aside in large vessels for a w hole year, 
number of valuable qualities for their experiments. In this way only can they j jt j s the liquid that floats over the crystals there deposited, which may be re¬ 
expect the full success which should crown their labors. If our native breeds garded as the last molasses, and which is to be employed as food for’horses, 
are to be made in part the basis of operations, for instance, a native cow and art cows and-oxen, by diluting it with eight parts of water, and mixing it with cut 
imported bull, it is dearly increasing the chance of a valuable progeny to select straw or hay, about twelve hours belore it is fed to the animals, 
a cow combining in a good degree, aptitude to fatten, strong constitution and j j Rejiningwith sirup. —This mode of refining raw sugar is easy to follow: It 
capability of enduring our severe winters, a kind disposition, and withal a good i i s necessary that the sugar should be well crystallized; and to that end the 
milker. Such cows can be found among us, and if they w’ere more common, boiled sirup should be poured into each mould, as soon as there is enough of it 
or a certainty they would produce their like, the necessity of imported slock j to fill one, and the crystallization should be left to go on to its completion with- 
wouldbe much less urgent than it now is. Now, unless there is a trace of fo-, ou t disturbance. Then a sirup or clairee is to be prepared by dissolving w ith 
reign blood in the animals there is no certainty, scarcely a probability, that the j' heat, some raw sugar well drained, or even some molasses sugar, in a third of 
progeny will resemble the parent; the excellencies are merely accidental, they |‘ jt s weight of water; when the liquid is near the boiling point, about three 
do not belong to the original stock, they are not in the type, and therefore will ' kilogrammes of fine animal charcoal for 100 kilogrammes of sugar is thrown 
be evanescent. | in and well stirred. Then four eggs, the whites, yolks and shells, beat up 
A short sketch of the various crosses which have produced the present im- j' -with four quarts of water, (or one quart of blood mixed with four quarts ofwa- 
proved breeds of cattle in England, may not be out of place here. In Great ■' ter,) are added, and the whole stirred briskly for some seconds. It is then left 
Britain, the Short Homs, one ofthe valuable kinds, and which is now princi- : without stirring, to heat to the boiling point, which is kept up for some mi- 
pally sought after in this country, comprise the descendants of the Dutch breed nutes. The liquid is then drawn oft clear, and poured upon a filter containing 
the parents of the original Durliams;—the Teeswaters a cross between the f ro m eight to ten kilogrammes of coarse animal charcoal. The first liquid that 
Durham and the Alderneys;—the Holderness improved by a cross with the! filters is only the water with which the charcoal was moistened; thisis thrown 
Teeswaters; and the Yorkshires, a cross between the improved Holderness, I away, as the next portion runs oft' sweet it is kept by itself; but we wait till 
and the improved Short Horns. The improved short horns," the best breed, the liquid that comes through is quite sirupy or thick, in order lo preserve it as 
of cattle existing, considered in every respect, is a cross of the best Teesva-j a clarifying sirup; this then forms the third portion that runs out. The second 
ter or Durham, with the Galloway from the north of England, and no animal |j which is saccharine, but not sirupy, answers for the first washing of the'filter, 
can be considered as of undisputed blood whose pedigree cannot be traced up jj which washing is finished with warm water, and the product of which, strain- 
to the celebrated Teeswater bull Hubback, owned by Mr. Colling, the origi- ed, serves to dissolve a new portion of sugar for another preparation of clanfy- 
nal improver of the breed. Next to the Improved Short Horns, the Devon- ing sirup, (clairee.) 
shire breed, are ranked in value. They are supposed to belong to the origi- | The refining sirup obtained as we have said, when it becomes cool, serves 
nal stock of cattle in Great Britain, uncontaminated by foreign intermixture, 'for refining the sugar previously well crystallized and drained. The surface 
Mr Bakewell, by breeding from the best animals that could be selected, j (1 f the loaf is made smooth by scraping off the crystals adhering to it, and these 
brought the Devons to such a state of perfection, that all attempts at crossing are covered with a piece of woollen cloth, previously soaked in warm water 
by other breeds have only deteriorated instead of improving the breed; and j and well wrung. Onlyapintof this clarified sirup is, at one time, poured on 
though for some purposes partially superseded by the Short Horned Dnrhams, a large loaf of from fifty-five to sixty-five pounds; this is repeated four times 
they are still deservedly great favorites. In beauty and uniformity of colour, |a day for two days, equalising the surface at the commencement of each ap- 
a dark rich mahogany, the Devon has the advantage over the Short Horn, -- T ‘ - — -»—•-— j --- - ■ 
while the latter clearly asserts the supremacy in form. The celebrated Ayr¬ 
shire breed sprung from a cross of the native Holderness and Highland with the 
Durham. . ,. ■ 
It is, perhaps, unnecessary to illustrate this subject farther. What has been 
done abroad can be done here; and our agriculturists should remember that 
they stand on the high vantage ground gained by the experiments and the la¬ 
bors of centuries. The ground already travelled by the pioneers in the im¬ 
provement of breeds is not again to be gone over; the point of success reach¬ 
ed by others is our starting point; and much shall we be to blame, if with all 
the additional light of science, and the experience of years, in our possession, 
we suffer improvement to retrograde, to go backw ard instead of forward. 
Onondaga County, 1837. W. GAYLORD. 
BEET SUGAR. 
ROYAL AND CENTRAL SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURE. 
Report in the name of a special commission composed of M. M. 
he Baron de Sylvester, the Due Decazes, Count de Chabrel, Dar- 
plication of the sirup. It is then left to drain perfectly, and the refining is com¬ 
pleted. 
The sugar, then taken out, excepting the very point of the loaf, is spread 
out, dried, and packed, like raw sugar. The first sirups that are fi tered 
through the animal charcoal, and sufficiently boiled down, may also be used 
in the way of clarifying sirup, if the raw sugar is not intended for immediate 
consumption. 
All such portions as are imperfectly drained, are put together and united in 
ELsingle mould, in which the draining is completed, and upon which may also 
be poured three or four pints of sirup. 
The sirups that have drained from the refining may serve for passing over 
other sugars to be clarified, which will economise half the clarifying sirup to 
be employed for lhese. 
The. first sirup of this second refining, being more impure, must be boiled to 
obtain the raw sugar from it. 
The waters from the last washing of the filters, when there is no more su¬ 
gar to be dissolved, for the purpose of making refining sirup, are to be boiled 
down by themsel ves, or with the clarified juice of beets. 
Reviving the animal charcoal. —This operation requires several washings 
