62 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
nity. They mistake alike their own true dignity and happiness, the spirit 
of our institutions, and the interests of the country. Our expenses of liv¬ 
ing have in too many instances been quadrupled during the last thirty 
years—not for the necessaries and comforts, but for the superfluities and 
baneful luxuries of life. 
We must forego personal animosity , and discard local jealousies and 
political intolerance. The nation is one family. Whatever directly be¬ 
nefits one class or one district, indirectly benefits the whole; and what¬ 
ever directly distresses one class or one district, indirectly inflicts injury 
upon all. The exceptions to this general rule are partial and limited, and 
are not sufficiently cogent to deter the philanthropist and the patriot from 
studying to promote, with steady aim, the prosperity of the greatest num¬ 
ber. The terms misanthropic, miserly, nanow-minded and selfish, con¬ 
vey reproach, and are classed by moralists among the vices of humanity. 
Let us endeavor to avoid the odium which they inflict, by practising ihe 
virtues to which they are opposed, and which inculcate good will towards 
each other, and a strenuous and united effort to promote the pr. sperity and 
happiness of our country—of our whole country- 
THE NEW-YORK LEGISLATURE 
Adjourned on the 16th ult. after one of the longest session ever held in the 
state, and without, we believe we speak by general consent, having ren¬ 
dered a corresponding benefit to the public. They did not incorporate 
any new banks, nor, like the legislatures of some sister states, charter 
companies to cultivate the beet and plant the mulberry. All this was 
probably well—for it is now pretty generally admitted, that we have too 
much of a good thing, if banks may be ca'led such—that we have been 
so abundantly stimulated with them, as to bring on what medical men call 
indirect debility—a sort of delirium tremens; and in regard to beets and 
mulberries, our statesmen very properly judged, that these concerns would 
be best managed by individual enterprise and industry, like the culture of 
ruta baga and the planting of orchards. But it has been unfortunate for 
the state, and we think for the gentlemen themselves, that our wise men 
had unwittingly, in a spirit of political chivalry, prematurely declared a 
war of extermination against small bank bills; and that they felt themselves 
bound by a false and ruinous principle of honor, to persist in their Quixo¬ 
tic course, when the utter impracticability of success became apparent to 
all, even, we believe, to themselves. The consequence of their refusing 
to permit the small bills of our banks to have circulation, will be virtually 
to substitute the small bills of foreign banks in their stead, as a medium 
of exchange. The hanks of other states, in whose stability we have less 
confidence than in our own, are already filling up the void—and our citi¬ 
zens, driven to the wall—will and must receive and circulate this foreign 
p^per, in despite of the penalty of our laws, which no one is disposed to 
put in force against offenders. An eastern pedlar brought to New-York, 
the other day,$3,000 in one dollar foreign bills,and sold out the whole in 
a few hours, at a premium of three per cent. Our steam-boats are com¬ 
pelled, or at least some of them do it, to obtain from abroad small bills for 
change, and new plates are now preparing for foreign banks, for exten¬ 
sive emissions of small bills, to serve as" a circulating medium in the 
“ Empire State!” Laws, to be respected, should effect a palpable pub 
lie good; but few, very few, have been able to discover the public good 
which is likely to result from prohibiting the circulation of small bills.— 
The provisions of ti:e law have at no time been enforced; and now, we 
venture to say, cannot be enforced. Is it politic, under these circumstan¬ 
ces, to continue it in operation, and thereby weaken the attachment which 
every good citizen has to law and order? 
Winter products of a Devon Cow. —At our request, Abm. P. Hold 
rich. Esq. of Spencertown, hat! an accurate memorandum kept of the but¬ 
ter made from a Devonshire eovi’. which calved late in autumn. The re¬ 
sult was, that from the 19th December to the 18th of January, including 
both days, there was made from her mill' fift.v-six pounds of well worked 
butter, nearly equal to two pounds per day. The cow was fed with roots, 
hay, and buckwheat bran. Estimating it at 20 pents per lb., the butter 
made during the month, and in the depth of winter, was worth $11.20; 
and if we consider this the average product of eight months in the year, 
the aggregate amount for that period would be $89.60. We need no bet¬ 
ter illustration than this, of the importance of keeping good animals, and 
of keeping them well. 
The Tomato. .—We arc receiving new evidence of the utility of this 
grateful garden vegetable in preserving health, and in curing indigestion, 
and diseases of the liver and lungs. A writer in the Farmer’s Register, 
eays it has been tried by several persons, to his knowledge, with decided 
success. They were afflicted, says he, with chronic cough, the primary 
cause of which, in one case, was supposed to be diseased liver—in ano¬ 
ther, diseased lungs. It mitigates, and sometimes effectually checks, a 
fit of coughing. It was used in a dried state, with a little sugar mixed 
with it, to render it more agreeable to the taste. The writer expresses a 
conviction, that if freely used in July, August and September, it would 
prove a complete antidote to bilious fever. The tomato, to have it in ear¬ 
ly use, should be started with Us in a hot bed; though if raised in abun, 
dance it maybe dried, which is our practice, and maybe at command 
through the year. The mode of drying is as follows: “ Full ripe tomatos 
are scalded in hot water, to facilitate the operation of taking off the skin; 
when skinned they are well boiled with a little sugar and salt, but no wa¬ 
ter, and then spread in cakes about an eighth of an inch thick in the sun. 
They will dry enough in three or four days to pack away in bags, which 
should hang in a dry room.” We consider the tomato and rhubarb the 
most healthy products of the garden. 
Professor Rafinesque says of the tomato, “ It is every where deemed a 
very healthy vegetable, and an invaluable article for food.” 
Prof. Dickson writes—" I think it more wholesome than any other acid 
sauce.” 
Prof. Dunglinson says—" It may be looked upon as one of the most 
wholesome and valuable esculents that belong to the vegetable kingdom.” 
CROPS AND SOILS TO WHICH THEY ARE ADAPTED. 
The annexed table, says the writer of British Husbandry, has been gi¬ 
ven by Von Thaer, as a classification of soils, which we deem entitled to 
particular attention, as in some degree governing the course of crops; for, 
although the real value of every rotation depends, in a great measure, up¬ 
on the manner in which its several processes are executed; yet, abstract¬ 
ly speaking, some courses -must be viewed as better than others, be¬ 
cause the crops may be,more suitable to the peculiar qualities of the land 
on which they are to be grown. The last column in the table comprises 
an analysis of the comparative value of the different component parts, and 
is the result of many years careful examination of the soils, as well as of 
the proceeds of the crops, after the deduction of labor and seed. 
V 
B+j 
JS G 
j Nos. 
SOILS. 
1 Clay 
| per cent 
~a & 
a w 
m £ 
p. 
o o 
o 
a °- 
'J 
1 Humus 
| per ceni 
3 
First class of strong wheat soils, • 
Rich barley land,. 
Good wheat land, 
Ordinary wheat land, . 
Good barley land,. 
Ordinary barley land, .. 
Oat and rye land, ..... 
100 
93 
96 
90 
78 
77 
75 
70 
65§ 
60 
It will be perceived, that the wheat soils possess from 40 to 81 per cent 
of clay, and at least two per cent of carbonate of lime, which latter seems 
to be an indispensable ingredient in a wheat soil; and that neither barley, 
oats nor rye, and we may extend the remark to Indian corn and turnips, 
require carbonate of lime, though-this always gives a chemical and me¬ 
chanical improvement to the soil, by rendering sands more compact, and 
more r-ti-ntive of moisture and manure. Those soils in which sand pre¬ 
dominates over clay, are best adapted to the growth of Indian corn and 
ruta baga, though for both they should be artificially enriched by a good 
coat of manure. 
Nes. 1,2 and 3 are alluvial soils of the richest quality, and embrace 
much of the land of secondary formation west of the great Allegany range; 
and from the large portion which they contain of vegetable mould, or hu¬ 
mus, and the intimate state of mixture in which it is found, they are not 
so stiff as the quanti y of clay which they contain would seem to indicate. 
From the absence of carbonate of lime in our primary formations east of 
the. Allegany, many districts, all hough having the other earthy ingredients 
and humus, are not congenial to the growth of wheat. 
No. 4 is a fine clay loam, such as abounds in many parts of this state, 
and is termed our best barley soil; and, although what may be termed 
strong land, is yet of a texture which renders it easy to be worked; it is 
consequently evidently suitable to the alternate system of husbandry. 
Nos. 6 and 7 are both good soils—the quantity of carbonate of lime com¬ 
pensating, in a measure, for the smaller portion of humus; but necessari¬ 
ly requiring the addition of a proportionate quantity of dung to supply that 
deficiency. 
Nos. 9 to 13 are adapted to the Indian corn crop, always, however, re¬ 
quiring manure to render it profitable. They are of average quality of 
common tillage land; yet, from want of carbonate of lime, are sensibly 
improved by mild lime, drawn ashes and marl. 
Nos. 14 and 15 are denominated light sands, which, when manured and 
judiciously managed, by frequent alternation of grass, the application of 
