THE CULTIVATOR. 
95 
Oats, 
115 deg.‘ 
10£ deg. 
109 deg. 
years, provided the manure was that of well fed cattle; but if prin 
cipally straw, it probably would occasion no amendment. 
ALTERNATE SYSTEM". 
Crops and manures. 
9 loads of dung,. 
Potatoes,* 80 schiffels,. 
Barley, 9 do. 
Peas,... 
3| loads manure,. 
Rye, 8 schiffels,- 
Clover, mown,. 
Pasture,... 
Oats, 11 schiffels. 
Fecundity. 
Augmentation. 
90 deg. 
10 dear. 
37£ deg. 
12 deg. 
20 deg. 
Diminution 
30 deg. 
31 £ deg. 
10 deg. 
40 deg. 
27$ deg. 
139 deg. 
2 
o 
> 1 
Product 
of 
straw. 
Produce of fod¬ 
der, reduced 
in wt. to an es¬ 
timate in hay. 
Manure. 
Profit on 
cattle. 
Profit of 
grain. 
Nett 
balance. 
Centnus. 
Centnus. 
Centnus. 
Schiff. 
Schiff. 
Schiff. 
l 
4173 
2936 
14219 
992 
1948 
1869 
2 
6464 
4650 
■ 22228 
1651 
2958 
3028 
3 
7916 
9120 
29272 
2430 
2960 
3458 
-1 
10973 
12315 
41791 
3178 
4323 
5188 
169| deg. 
This course would augment the fertility of the soil, in eight years. 
30 i degrees, besides producing crops of superior value. This in¬ 
crease is owing to the clover, and pasture, and the additional quan¬ 
tity, as well as superior quality, of the dung, made by cattle fed up¬ 
on roots and clover. Land is progressively improved by the pro¬ 
duction of good crops, consumed upon the farm, and the manure which 
they supply, if the latter is properly husbanded and applied. 
“This will be rendered still more apparent by the following sum¬ 
mary of four different rotations actually carried into effect, and each 
consisting of 120 journals, or = to 76.1.6 11-5 acres English, and 
bearing the crops here mentioned, after deducting the seed. 
No. 1. 
Courses of crops. Product per journal. 
Fallow dunged. 
Rye,. 8J schiffels. 
Barley, . 8£ do. 
Oats,. „8 do. 
Clover and mown,. 14 centnus.f 
Ditto pasture two years, together with 170 journals of extra mea¬ 
dow and sheep pasture. 
No. 2. 
. Oats upon pasture lay,. 12 schiffels. 
Fallow dunged. 
Rye,. 10 do. 
Barley, . 10 do. 
Rye,._.. 5 do. 
Clover and mown,. 20 centnus. 
Ditto pastured two years, together with 100 journals of extra 
pasture meadow, dunged. 
No. 4. 
Oats upon pasture lay,... 14 schiff. 
Fallow, sown both before 
and after with winter and ' 
spring tares for fodder,.. 20 cent. 
Rye, ... 10 schiff. 
Peas,. 6 do. 
Rye,.... 9 do. 
Potatoes,... 87 do. 
Barley,. 12 do. 
Clover-mown,. 24 cent. 
Do. pastured with sheep 2 years. 
Meadow,150 journals dunged,15 cent. 
“The produce of these several crops, both in fodder and manure, 
as well as in grain, and the profit gained by feeding of stock, was 
then summed up, and being calculated according to the price of 
grain, was reduced to schiffels of rye, from which were deducted the 
charges of cultivation, thus affording a parallel between the different 
courses as follows :— 
No. 
Potatoes,. 87 schiff. 
Barley,.». 12 do. 
Clover,. 24 cent. 
Oats,. 14 schiff. 
Peas. 6 do. 
Rye,. 10 do. 
Tares,.. 20 cent. 
Rye,. 9 schiff. 
Meadow dunged,.. 15 cent. 
Besides 100 journals sheep 
pasture. 
* The augmentation of fertility is here added, because of the culture be¬ 
stowed upon the potatoes as a fallow crop, the value of which is considered 
equal to 10 degrees. 
The centnu is 103 lbs. English. 
It appears from these results, that the fertility of the soil, and the 
consequent profits of .the farm, was increased, 
First. In proportion to the augmentation of manure, by.reason 
of meadow, green crops and roots; 
Second. In proportion to the increased ratio which the above- 
named crops and pasture, bore to the grain crops. And, 
Thirdly. In proportion to the amount of pasture. 
And it will be further seen, that the courses were profitable, and 
the fertility of the soil increased, in proportion as green, leguminous 
and root crops were alternated with grain crops—the two first, and 
least profitable courses, giving three grain crops in successive years 
—the third course intervening clover, peas or tares between the 
grain crops—and the fourth and most profitable course alternating 
dry, green, leguminous and root crops, followed by clover mown or 
pastured three years. 
The inference from these experiments, made by one of the most 
intelligent and careful men, is, that if we would preserve, or in¬ 
crease the fertility of our lands, and thus augment the profits of our 
labor, we should not sow dry crops for two successive years, upon 
the same field—but alternate them, as far as practicable, with roots, 
legumens, green crops, meadow and pasture. 
The reader will find these matters more largely treated on in 
British Husbandry, and particularly in Von Thaer’s works on agri¬ 
culture. 
THE PRAIRIE REGION, 
In which a respectable number of impressions of the Cultiva¬ 
tor circulates, is likely ere long to suffer, or already suffers, for 
the want of wood and timber, not only for fuel, fencing, building, 
and the common purposes of life, but wood is or will be wanted for 
shelter, for crops and for cattle, to protect them from the inclemency 
of winter, The inhabitants should give their earliest attention to 
this matter. With a view to encourage and aid them, in providing 
in time, an absolute necessary for their posterity, we make an ex¬ 
tract from Wetmore’s late published Gazetteer of Missouri, showing 
a successful commencement in planting forest wood, by an enter¬ 
prising citizen of that state. The editor is describing Saline coun¬ 
ty, which lies on the south bank of the Missouri, about 400 miles 
west of St. Louis, on the Mississippi river. 
“ They (the inhabitants of Saline county,) have a custom of pre¬ 
serving and cherishing with care, the clumps of brush,* and even 
the patches of hazel, with which their finest rolling prairies abound; 
and these are objects of as great Solicitude as the sacred groves, or 
the foliage, of Academus was in Athens. When the prairie fires 
are kept out of the hazel patches for a year or two, forest trees 
spring up in considerable variety ; and in the ploughed fields, 
cotton wood is observed to shoot up with a most rapid growth.— 
Some successful experiments have also been made in forest planting 
in Saline. Gen. Thomas A. Smith, who has a prairie farm of such, 
ample extent, that a British peer would covet it as an estate suited 
to his rank, has growing around him, a forest that he has planted, of 
black locust, chesnut, white pine, cedar, arbor vitae, cotton icood arid, 
catalpa, all exhibiting the most thrifty and vigorous growth.” 
Mildew on the Gooseberry. —We have this year repeated the ap¬ 
plication of a weak brine to our gooseberries, by sprinkling it with 
a brush upon the foliage and fruit, to cure the mildew, and with ap¬ 
parent good success—the disease having been arrested, and in a 
measure removed. A Chautauque paper assures us, that syringing 
grapes (or gooseberries,) with strong soap suds, is a complete pre¬ 
ventive of mildew. 
It is remarked by Maj. Wetmore, the author, that if fire is kept from the 
prairies, a spontaneous growth of timber trees often springs up in them.. 
