THE CULTIVATOR. 
139 
343. This incomplete union between the scion and its stock isowing to 
some constitutional or organic difference in the two. 
349. Therefore care should be taken that when plants are grafted on 
one another, their constitution should be as nearly as possible identical. 
350. As adhesion of only an imperfect nature takes place when the 
scion and stock are, to a certain degree, dissimilar in constitution, so will 
no adhesion whatever occur when their constitutional differences are very 
decided. 
351. Hence it is only species very nearly allied in nature that can be 
grafted on each other. 
352. As only similar tissues will unite (19.) it is necessary in applying 
a scion to the stock, that similar parts should be carefully adapted to each 
other; as bark to bark, cambium to cambium, and alburnum to alburnum. 
353. The second is more especially requisite, because it is through the 
cambium that the woody matter sent downwards by the buds must pass; 
and also because cambium itself, being organizing matter in an incipient 
state, will more readily form an adhesion than any other part. 
354. The same principles apply to buds, which are to scions precisely 
what eyes (319.) are to cuttings. 
355. Inarching is the same with reference to grafting that layering (324.) 
is with reference to striking by cuttings. 
356. It serves to maintain the vitality of a scion until it can form an ad¬ 
hesion with its stock; and must be considered the most certain mode of 
grafting. 
357. It is probable that every species of flowering plant, without ex¬ 
ception, may be multiplied by grafting. 
358. Nevertheless, there are many species and even tribes that never 
have been grafted. 
359. It has been found that in the vine and the walnut this difficulty 
can be overcome by attention to their peculiar constitutions; and it is 
probable that the same attention will remove supposed difficulties in the 
case of other species. 
XV. TRANSPLANTATION. 
360. Transplantation consists in removing a plant from the soil in which 
it is growing to some other soil. 
361. If, in the operation, the plant is torpid, and its spongioles uninjur¬ 
ed, the removal will not be productive of any interruption to the previous 
rate of growth. 
362. And if it is growing, or evergreen, and the spongioles are unin¬ 
jured, the removal will produce no further injury than may arise from the 
temporary suspension of the action of the. spongioles, and the noncessa¬ 
tion of perspiration during the operation. 
363. So that transplantation may take place at all seasons of the year, 
and under all circumstances, provided the spongioles are uninjured. 
364. This applies to the largest trees as well as to the smallest herbs. 
365. But as it is impossible to take plants out of the earth without de¬ 
stroying or injuring the spongioles, the evil consequences of such acci¬ 
dents must be remedied by the hindrance of evaporation. 
366. Transplantation should, therefore, take place only when plants are 
torpid, and when their respiratory organs (leaves) are absent; or, if they 
never lose those organs, as evergreens, only at seasons when the atmos¬ 
phere is periodically charged with humidity for some considerable time. 
367. Old trees in which the ro; ts are much injured, form new ones 
so slowly, that they are very liable to be exhausted of sap by the absorp¬ 
tion of their very numerous young buds before new spongioles can be 
formed. 
363. The amputation of all their upper extremities is the most proba¬ 
ble prevention of death; but in most cases injury of their roots is without 
a remedy. 
369. Plants in pots being so circumstanced that the spongioles are pro¬ 
tected from injury, can, however, be transplanted at all seasons, without 
any dangerous consequences. 
Adelaide, 6 “ 490 Sir Robert, 2 
Minna, 5 “ 520 Melbourne, 2 
Lucilla, 5 “ 480 Maxwell, 1 
Empress, 5 “ ...... 420 Llewellyn, I 
Brighteyes, 4 “ 490 Colostro, 1 
Beauty, 4 “ 540 Miser, 1 
Vermillion, 4 “ 430 Brutus 
Nonsuch, 3 “ 410 Delight, 1 
Media, 3 “ 330 P. of Wales, 
Ruby, 3 “ 370 Lord Fairfax 1 
Mayflower, 3 “ 515 Bruce, 1 
Profitable, 3 “ 550 Primo, 1 
Clarkville, 2 “ 630 Nimrod, 2 
Virginia, 2 “ 690 Colossus, 
Woodbine, 2 “ 400 
Belicia, 1 “ 450 
Celebrity, 3 “ 480 
Isabella, 5 “ 405 
400 
210 
260 
470 
. 370 
. 310 
. 250 
. 360 
. 310 
. 470 
. 310 
$14,305 
Sheep. 
2 Bake well breed, $100 each, $200 
5 do do 95 do 475 
Total,. $14,9S0 
$9,110 
The above are all from Mr Whit¬ 
taker, with the exception of the last, 
the cow Isabella. 
The following belonged to other owners, and were not in the printed 
catalogue: 
A Spanish Jack,.$290 I A Heifer,.$160 
A Jennet and Colt,... 210 Dido. 75 
Fitzroslin,.. 200 | 
Department of Health. 
HINTS TO PARENTS AND THE SCHOOL -MAS TER. 
[Extracts from the Economy of health.'] 
THIRD SEPTENNIAD— (14 to 21.) 
Dangers of the third septenniad —The third septenniad is indeed the 
spring of life. In it the seeds of good or evil, of virtue or vice, of science 
or ignorance, are sown. In it the physical functions act with boundless 
energy—the human frame expanding and taking on its form and dimen¬ 
sions; while the mental powers display, in the great majority of instances, 
their characteristic features, capacities and propensities. It is in this 
stage of rapid development, intellectual and corporeal, that the greatest 
difficulty exists in preserving the physique within the boundaries of health, 
and confining the morale within the limits of virtue. How many minds 
are wrecked how many constitutions ruined, during this septenniad!! 
The extent of the mischief,—even of the moral evil, is less known to the 
priest than to the physician. At so early a period of life, when passions 
so much predominate over principles, it is not to be expected that the 
force of precept can be so efficiently a preventive as the fear of bodily suf¬ 
fering. If the youth of both sexes could see through the vista of future 
years, and there behold the catalogue of afflictions and sufferings insepa¬ 
rable attendants on time and humanity, they would pause, ere they added 
to the number, by originating maladies when nature is endeavoring to 
fortify the material fabric against the influence of those that must necessarily 
assail us in the progress of life! Yet it is in this very epoch that some of 
the most deadly seeds of vice and disease are implanted in our spiritual 
and corporeal constitutions—seeds which not merely “ grow with our 
growth,” but acquire vigor from our weakness, and obtain victory in our 
decay. 'Phis melancholy reflection is applicable to all classes and both 
sexes. The plebeian is not secured from the evil by poverty—nor the 
patrician by wealth. Neither are the middle classes protected by the 
golden mean in which they are supposed to be placed. Civilization has 
decreed, and society has sanctioned the fiat, that youth, during the third 
septenniad, shall experience much more tribulation of mind, and afflic¬ 
tion of body, than was designed for it by nature or nature’s God. The 
sedentary and insalutary avocations to which young people of both sexes, 
in the middle and lower classes of society, are confined, between the ages 
.of fourteen and twenty-one, occasion dreadful havoc in health, and no 
| small deterioration of morals. The drudgery, the scanty clothing, the bad 
food, and the exposure to the elements, of the most indigent classes, are 
CATTLE SALE AT POWELTON. 
[From the Philadelphia National Gazette.] 
Our agriculture readers will doubtless be gratified to learn some parti 
culars respecting the extensive sale of cattle, which took place on the 12th 
inst. at Powelton, and therefore we give them the following details, for 
which we are indebted to the courtesy of the auctioneers, Messrs. Tho¬ 
mas & Son. Upwards of two thousand persons were present on the oc¬ 
casion. Of the amounts as near as can be ascertained, about $4,400 ij 
were purchased for and by gentlemen of Ohio; $3,600 by gentlemen of i scarcely more injurious to health and life, than the sedentary habits, the 
Virginia; and $4,000 by those of Philadelphia city and county; but it is j impure air, and the depressing passions of the various species of artizans, 
not known at present exactly from what parts of the Union were the other '[mechanics and shop-keeepers in the classes immediately above them. * * 
purchasers, though they came from all directions. The bidding for the |l Large as is the class to which I have been alluding, it is as a drop of wa- 
cows was very spirited, prices rather exceeding the expectation of the [ter in the ocean compared to the myriads of youth, male and female, pent 
owners; for the bulls, however, they fell short, making altogether a goodljup in the fml atmospheres of our countless factories, inhaling alike the 
average sale. Full bred cows are comparatively scarce, and accordingly !] moral and physical poison, that corrupts the mind, while its enervates the 
they brought superior prices. The following is a correct report of the j|body. * * * Youth, manhood, decripitude and decay, are the destiny of 
sale: I kingdoms as well as of individuals. The body polity is subject to the 
cows. I bulls i‘ same phases, revolutions, disorders and decay, as the human body. * * 
JVame. Age. Amount. Name. Age. Amount. '! Nations are only aggregations of individuals; and whatever be the influ- 
Ruth, 6 years old. $360 | Hector, 2 years old. $475 ' ence, whether good or evil, that operates on a considerable number of the 
