7 
Absclinurung der Sporen aaf dem Sclieitel der Basidie , especially after 
the publication in 1847 of such perspicuous figures as those of Unger’s 
above referred to. Although not mentioned by De Bary, this method 
of spore abjunction is referred to by Zopf in his recent work. 
The fully formed spores are thin-walled, hyaline, 16-30 by 4-9/*, bacil¬ 
lary, and sometimes oblong or clavate. They germinate in a few hours 
in water or nutrient solutions, and quite generally form a protuber¬ 
ance near the medial zone, exactly opposite to the germ hypha, thus 
giving the germinating spore the form of a cross (PI. n, Fig. 4). The 
slender germ hyphae produce sporophores, often immediately, and these 
push out from their apices conidia similar in all respects to the original 
ones (Fig. 4), and the secondary or olive conidia form on more irregular 
branches (PI. ii, Fig. 5). 
Olive or macro conidia. —The second mode of spore formation, which 
in all essentials resembles the first, takes place, in cultures, following 
the first, and were it not for its slower movement would be entirely sim¬ 
ultaneous with it. Unlike the hyaline spores which are produced upon 
the surface of the medium, the olive conidia are formed generally 
deeply buried within the tissues, showing no inclination to rise into the 
air. The sporophores which bear them consist of simple, septate, 
branching hyphse, frequently almost indistinguishable from the pri¬ 
mary conidiophores above mentioned, and also from the sterile branches 
of the mycelium. The mode of spore formation differs from that just 
described for the hyaline conidia only in tardiness of movement and 
such other points as the difference in shape of the olive conidia would 
necessitate; in fact, the two may be said to merge into each other, the 
primary conidiophores producing spores resembling the olive conidia in 
shape and vice versa (Cf. PI. n, 2 a, 5 a). Normally, the first olive coui- 
dium produced differs from those which follow in being oblong-ovate, 
while the succeeding ones are globose or elliptical with a small pedicel 
or extension at the lower extremity (Figs. 5, 6). That these conidia 
are produced in a manner not wholly in accordance with that described 
by De Bary * is demonstrated by the fact that the tip of the sporophore 
is ruptured, as in the formation of the hyaline conidia, upon the forma¬ 
tion of the first spore and displays from the beginning of the spore 
formation (Fig. 8 a) until the complete abj unction of the mature spore 
(Fig. 8c) a distinct somewhat irregular edge or rim, below which is 
formed the true septum of the conidium (Fig. 8). In older specimens, 
after four or even five (the maximum number observed) conidia have 
been pushed out, the protoplasm below the last formed septum often 
becomes rounded as at Fig. 6, Plate n, clearly demonstrating that the 
delicate exospore of the conidium is formed within the surrounding end 
of the sporophore. These olive conidia are 12-19 by 6-13/*, mostly 
10-11 by 12-15/*, and in the first stages of their formation are hyaline, 
thin-walled bodies with more or less evenly granular contents. In the 
* De Bary, Morpli. and Biology of the Fungi, Eng. edition, p. 69-70. 
t Zopf, Die Pilze, 1890, p. 97. 
