16 
The loss from not beginning the treatments early was not as striking 
as was anticipated, but there is no doubt that a wet spring would have 
shown a more decided contrast between the effects of late and early 
treatments. As it was, a difference of 8 days in the date of the first ap¬ 
plication made a difference of 5 per cent in the amount of rot, showing 
that it is not safe to begin treatments later than the last of April in the 
Southern grape-growing districts, or, in general, about 10 days before 
the blooming. 
EXPERIMENTS AT CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA; VINELAND, NEW JER¬ 
SEY ; AND NEOSHO, MISSOURI. 
The experiments at the foregoing places cover practically the same 
ground as those given in detail in the preceding notes j in fact, the 
same plan was followed at each place. Without going into further de¬ 
tails, for which we have not space here, the entire work may be sum¬ 
marized as follows: 
I. All things considered, the Bordeaux mixture still heads the list 
as a preventive of black rot. 
II. The Bordeaux mixture prepared in advance according to the 
directions already given is not satisfactory, and is therefore not worthy 
of further use. 
III. Copper carbonate in suspension and milk of lime are compara¬ 
tively useless as preventives of black rot and other grape diseases. 
IV. Copper acetate has fungicidal value, but in most sections it is 
likely to injure the foliage. 
V. The cheapest and most effectual remedy for black rot and downy 
mildew, taking everything into consideration, is the ammoniacal solu¬ 
tion of copper carbonate. Next to this is a mixed treatment consisting 
of two or three early sprayings of Bordeaux mixture and the same 
number of late treatments with ammoniacal solution. 
VI. Mixture No. 5, while possessing value as a fungicide, is likely to 
injure the foliage. Until this difficulty is overcome its use on a large 
scale can not be recommended. 
VII. Early sprayings are absolutely necessary to insure the best 
results in the treatment of black rot. 
As heretofore, experiments in the treatment of a number of plant 
diseases were carried on under our direction in Wisconsin by Prof. E. 
S. Goff, of the State Experiment Station. Following is Professor Goff’s 
report in full. 
