26 
Additional Notes by Mr. Hatch. 
EXPERIMENTS IN TREATING APPLE SCAB. 
(Fusicladium dendriticum .) 
It is my opinion that the first spraying for the apple scab should be made much 
earlier than the time usually selected for the first spraying for the codling moth. The 
foliage is then pretty well formed, and the past season we found well developed scab 
spots upon the leaves at that time. The few scab spots found later in the season that 
appeared to have been killed by the treatment warrants the conclusion that the chief 
benefit of spraying comes through the destruction of the spores that have gained 
lodgment upon the fruit and foliage. The results in the case of the trees treated be¬ 
fore blooming also points in this direction. I think it possible that a treatment be¬ 
fore the buds have commenced to expand would be productive of much good. 
The extremely heavy rains of June and the first part of July rendered the season 
very unfavorable for the work and resulted in loss of the benefits of spraying my 
main orchards for both apple scab and insects. Still, by persistent effort I think we 
have some valuable results. At least we have done all possible to make them success¬ 
ful, and our thanks are due to Professor Cfoff for his aid at various stages of the work. 
My loss from apple scab has been very serious, not only in fruit but also in foliage, 
and the magnitude of its injury warrants still greater efforts in combatting it. 
We found Mixture No. 5 very persistent upon the foliage, but apparently too strong 
in ammonia. Its caustic effects were so apparent that for some of the later spray¬ 
ings we reduced the quantity one-third. The solution of carbonate of copper, al¬ 
though diluted 100 parts with water, had similar effects, and I would suggest that it 
may possibly be found equally efficient if diluted even 200 times. We used strong 
ammonia (supposed to be 22° Baunffi) to make a saturated solution (about 1 ounce to 1 
quart). In using carbonate of copper in water alone I think we used too little. There 
would have been no harm to the foliage if used several times as strong, nor indeed is it 
likely to prove injurious in any degree. 
The treatment in the case of the blackberry and raspberry was for Septoria 
rubi, a small fungus causing the foliage to turn yellow, wither, and fall before the 
fruit matures. Here again earlier treatment seems to be advisable. The first spray¬ 
ing was when leaves were about full grown. At this time Septoria showed plainly 
on the leaves, and it is our opinion that preventive treatment is more desirable than 
curative. The first Bordeaux mixture used was made with 6 pounds of copper sulphate 
and 4 pounds of lime. This injured the foliage so much that we reduced it with 
water one-third, and afterwards used 6 pounds of lime in place of 4. The other 
fungicides also proved injurious to the leaves, and we concluded that the black rasp¬ 
berries especially are very tender in foliage. The Bordeaux mixture proved espe¬ 
cially bad, not only in injury to the foliage, but also in adhering to the fruit so as to 
make it unfit for use. It should be mentioned that the raspberries treated were each 
side of a row of blackberries that were last year destroyed by the orange rust. Still no 
rust was visible this year on either the raspberry or blackberry bushes that sprouted 
where the row was removed. The loss by Septoria this season has been quite large. 
THE POTATO EXPERIMENT. 
Rot has not been prevalent here for a few years. In order to secure its develop¬ 
ment for treatment we ordered a barrel of seed from Ohio, where rot was plenty last 
year, but failed to secure any affected potatoes. We then planted with such seed as 
we had, mostly Snowflakes, with a few mixed kinds. To still further assure rot we 
planted late, May 31, and supplemented 4 rows along one side of the plat which we 
covered with a fork full of sheep manure in each hill. The heavy rains not only 
washed out some of the potatoes, but so compacted the soil as to make them very 
slow in coming up and getting a start. The last of July and the month of August 
were extremely dry and no rot appeared. Even the manured rows were sound and 
