78 
lution just as soon as the leaves appear. A second application should 
be made in ten or twelve days, followed by a third two weeks later. It 
is possible that three applications would hold the disease in check. 
Doubtless six or seven sprayings would be better and would pay in the 
end; three sprayings should be made as directed above, the others 
thereafter at intervals of two weeks. For applying the solution a good 
strong force pump provided with two lengths of discharge hose and two 
spraying nozzles is necessary. Any good force pump will answer, pro¬ 
viding it is light and strong and the working parts are made of brass. 
We usually mount the pump on a barrel and attach two pieces of one- 
fourth inch cloth insertion hose, each about 15 feet Jong. At the end of 
each hose we fasten an improved Yermorel nozzle. About 2 feet of 
the hose is then wired to a piece of cane fishing rod, 8 or 10 feet long, 
allowing the nozzle to project an inch or two beyond the pole. The 
barrel and pump are then placed in a wagon while a man standing on 
the ground at each side of this outfit manages the nozzles. Another 
man stands in the wagon and in addition to looking after the horses 
does the pumping. By means of the long hose and poles the spray may 
be quickly directed over a tree on each side of the wagon. Two trees 
being sprayed in this way the horses are driven opposite two more trees 
when the spraying is again repeated. In this way a large orchard may 
be treated in a comparatively short time. 
For trees from 12 to 15 feet high it will require about 1 gallon of 
the solution for each application. With an apparatus such as we have 
described a tree may be sprayed in one and a half or two minutes. Es¬ 
timating the cost of the team and men at $6 per day, the copper car¬ 
bonate and ammonia at 40 and 8 cents per pound respectively, each 
tree should be sprayed six times for 10 or 15 cents. The cost may be 
still further reduced by making the copper carbonate at home. Direc¬ 
tions for doing this were published by us in Farmers’ Bulletin Ho. 4, 
but for the benefit of Californians who may not have seen this publica¬ 
tion, we give below the formula: 
% 
In a tub or barrel dissolve 6 pounds of copper sulphate in hot water. In another 
suitable vessel dissolve 7 pounds of sal soda in hot water. When the two solutions 
are cool, pour the second slowly into the first, then add water until the tub or half 
barrel is full. Stir the solution thoroughly and let it stand for twenty-four hours, 
then siphon oft the clear liquid and add fresh water. Stir again, and again allow the 
solution to stand twenty-four hours; siphon off the clear liquid as before, then re¬ 
move and dry the sediment, which is carbonate of copper. Using the above quanti¬ 
ties of copper sulphate and sal soda there will be formed 24 pounds of copper carbonate. 
Sal soda sells at wholesale for 14 cents per pound, so that on this basis the necessary 
chemicals to make 24 pounds of copper carbonate will cost 46^- cents, or 18f cents for 
1 pound. The usual wholesale price for this chemical is 40 cents per pound. 
It will be seen that it will not be costly or difficult to carry out the 
foregoing suggestions. It is to be hoped, therefore, that the treatment 
will be tried at least sufficiently to obtain some definite information on 
the subject. 
