158 
372. Heimerl, Dr. Anton. Ueber Symbiose. Vortrag, gehalten am 6 Marz, 1891 in 
derk. k. gartenbau Gesellschaft,. Wiener illust. Gart. Zeit., 16 Jahr., Wien, 41ieft 
April, 1891, pp. 138-146. Mentions in course of a popular lecture Mycorrhiza, 
and the lihizobium leguminosarum in root tubercles of Leguminosae. Gives 
a r6sum6 of recent work on the absorption of free nitrogen by Leguminosae, 
and discusses the part played by the fungus in the act. (W. T. S). 
373. Lyon, W. S. Damping off. Garden and Forest, vol. 4, No. 199, New York, Dec. 
16, 1891, p. 599, \ col. Refers to statement frequently made that disease 
germs are on the seeds, but says he was unable to find any. Considers fine 
pulverizing of the soil and then sprinkling to be especially favorable to 
spread of disease. Concludes the disease germs are in the soil, as contended 
by Halsted. (J.F. J.) 
374. [? Masters, M. T.] Parasitic fungi in relation to plant diseases. Gard. Chron., 3d 
ser., A r ol. 9, London, Feb. 14, 1891, p. 211, % col. Syllabus of three lectures 
to be delivered by C. B. Plowright before the Royal College of Surgeons, 
England. (See also Ibid., Jan. 24, 1891, p. 114.) (M. B. W.) 
375. [? Masters, M. T.] Parasitism in plants. Gard. Chron., 3d ser., vol. 9, London, 
May 16, 1891, p. 620, i col. Notes a lecture given by Prof. H. Marshall Ward, 
in the Royal Botanic Gardens, on ‘ 1 Problems of Parasitism in Plants.” (M. B, 
W.) 
370. Rath ay, Emerich. Ueber myrmekophile eichengallen. Botanisches Centralbl. 
Bd., 49 No. 1, 13 Jahrg., Cassel, 9 Jan., 1892, pp. 12-13. A notice in 
Originalbericht gelehrter gesellschaften. k. k. zool. bot. Gesell. in Wien. 
Mentions a theory of Delpino that the spermogonia of certain rust fungi 
by attracting ants and other pugnacious insects, protect those leaves on 
which they occur, so that they may live to produce the iEcidia. (W. T. S.) 
377. Rush, W. H. Penetration of the host by Peronospora gangliformis. Bot. Gazette, 
vol. 16, No. 7, July, 1891, pp. 208-209, fig. 1. Figures penetration of stomata of 
Lactuca sativa by germ liyphse of conidia of Peronospora gangliformis; finds 
no case of penetration of epidermal cells, contrary to de Bary’s observa¬ 
tion. (D. G. F.) 
378. Vuillemin, Paul. Sur les effets du parasitisme del’Ustilago antherarum. Comptes 
Rendus, vol. 113, Paris, Nov. 9,1891, pp. 662-665. It is well known that the 
pistillate flowers of Lychnis dioica take the appearance of hermaphrodites 
when invaded by this fungus. It was formerly supposed that when any 
flowers of a plant were attacked all were. The author shows that such is 
not the case. The flowers of a single branch may be invaded, while those 
of a neighboring one may escape. The base and lower branches may escape, 
while all the flowers in the top of the plant are affected. In other cases 
some small branches may be affected, among which the stem pushes out 
sound branches. Such partial attacks are common. The action of the para¬ 
site stimulates the development of the normally abortive stamens and the 
smut spores take the place of pollen grains and escape, and are distributed 
in the same way. The author thinks there is a symbiosis analogous to that 
in galls. He has found the stigmas of isolated and healthy plants powdered 
with spores of Ustilago, which he believes were transplanted from infected 
plants by visiting insects. (E. F. S.) 
(See also Nos. 379, 381, 428, 432, 443, and 450.) 
B.—DISEASES OF FIELD AND GARDEN CROrS. 
379. Arthur, J. C. Wheat scab. Bull. Purdue Univ., Agric. Ex. Sta., vol. 2, No. 36, 
Lafayette, Aug. 25, 1891, pp. 129-132. Records presence near Lafayette of 
disease of wheat probably caused by a Fusarium more or less nearly related 
to Fusarium (Fusisporium) culmorum of W. G. Smith. Estimates damage 
from the parasite at from 10 to 20 per cent. Points out fact that the late plant- 
