179 
spores of Monilia to germinate in water in presence of bright metallic cop¬ 
per; also in one part ammoniacal solution of copper of usual strength (3 oz. 
to 22 gallons of water) to 99 parts of water. Suggests dilution of fungi¬ 
cides. (See No. 331.) (D. G. F.) 
543 . Lindkt, L. Les produites formes pendant la fermentation alcoolique; lenr origine 
leur influence sur la qualite des boissons fennentees. Rev. gen. Sci. pure et appli., 2 
ann., Paris, November 15,1891, pp. 720-723. The author mentions the following 
yeasts : S. cercvisice, ellipsoideus, conglomeratus, minor Engle, Marxianus, le- 
vure de Roux, levure caseiuse. The following are destitute of endospores, 
but capable of inducing alcoholic fermentation: Saccharomyces exigusus- 
Torula, levure de Duclaux, Mucor circinclloides. Various bacteria inducing 
the lactic, butyric, and viscous ferments are also found in the vats; also 
My coder nia vini , Bacterium aceti, B. Bastorianum, and finally such molds as 
Botryiis cinera, Penicillum glaucum, Eurotium, Dematium pullulans, Mucor 
racemosus, and M. mucedo. The yeast is seldom pure. The stronger or more 
abundant organisms crowd out the weaker. Foreign organisms are likely to 
reassert themselves toward the close of the fermentation. These intruders 
may affect both the quantity and the quality of the product. The means of 
avoiding secondary products is discussed at some length, also the question 
whether this is desirable. (E. F. S.) 
544 . Magnin, Ant. Obervations sur le parasitisme et la castration chez les anemones etles 
euphorbes. Bull. Scientif. France et Belgique, vol. 23, pt. 2, Paris, August 18, 
1891, pp. 412-435, pi. 1, fig. 1. Part I treats of the effect on Anemone nemorosa 
of Puccinia fusca, Relil.; Urocyslis anemones, Schroet.; Peronospora pygmcea 
Ung.; and Synchytrium anemones, (DC.). Wor. The teleutosporic stage of P. 
fusca causes the greatest changes, and always determines a complete castra¬ 
tion. Part II treats of the action of the aecidiumof P. fusca on A. ranuncu- 
loides, which causes a more or less complete castration manifesting itself in 
(1) the complete abortion of all the flowers; (2) the abortion of the lateral 
flowers only; (3) the more or less marked atrophy of the terminal flower, first 
of the carpels, then of the stamens, and finally of the sepals and the pedicels 
with virescence and petaloidy, and the production of a sessile staminate 
flower, like that sometimes observed in certain lateral flowers of healthy 
plants. Part III treats of the effect of Uromyces pisi and other species on 
Euphorbia cyparissias; of Uromyces scutcllatus, Liv. on E. verrucosa, and of 
Endophyllum euphorhicesylvaticce, Wint., on E. amygdaloides. In these cases 
also there is ordinarily a complete castration. The paper contains a number 
of observations on changes in color and form exclusive of those falling 
strictly under the title. The author reports a peculiar secretion and a strong 
mellifluous odor given off by the aicida and spermogonia of U. pisi on E. 
cyparissias at certain hours of the day, especially on cloudy mornings. This 
is similar to the ordinary nectar of the floral organs and attracts insects in 
the same way. This odor is strong enough to be noticed at some distance 
and to lead to the discovery of the fungus. M. Lignier, of Caen, has also 
noticed “uue odeur miellde excessivement intense.” (E. F. S.) 
545 . Mangin, Louis. Sur la desarticulation des conidies chez les Peronosporees. Bull. 
Soc. Bot. France, C. R. des Stances, vol. 38, Paris, 1891, pp. 176-184 and 
232-236, pi. 1. See review p. 144. (E. F. S.) 
546 . Mangin, L. Revue annuelle deBotanique. Rev. gdn. Sci. pure et appli., 2 ann., 
Pai is, April 30, 1891, pp. 255-266. Reviews Elfving’s “ Studien uber die ein- 
wirkung des Lichtes auf die Pilze,” Helsingfors, 1890. (E. F. S.) 
548. Norman, George. Parasitic fungi affecting the higher animals. Internat. Jour. 
Micros, and Nat. Sci., third ser. vol. 1, London and New York, July, 1891, 
pp. 195-204, pi. 2. After preliminary observations and historical remarks 
the writer treats of Achorion producing the disease called Favus on mice, dogs, 
rabbits, cats, fowls, and man, with descriptions and figures of the fungus 
