210 
It was seen that the rust was spreading rapidly on all the plats except 
those treated every ten days with Bordeaux mixture, ammoniacal 
solution, ferrous ferrocyanide, cupric ferrocyanide, and copper borate. 
As far as could be determined from a superficial examination, the plats 
sprayed with the two first-named preparations and with ferrous ferro¬ 
cyanide were wholly free from rust. 
Another fungus appeared at this time, and for a while threatened to 
occasion as much damage as rust. Microscopic examination revealed 
the fact that this parasite was /Septoria graminum Desm., a fungus known 
to occur on many grasses in various parts of the world. The leaves 
attacked by the Septoria show at first brownish elongated spots; these 
soon run together and eventually the leaf turns yellowish brown and 
shrivels up. In addition to the foregoing disease it was found that 
many lower leaves on every plant were turning yellow without the at¬ 
tacks of fungi or parasites of any kind. For a time the yellowing was 
thought to be a normal appearance due to old age, and to a certain ex¬ 
tent this was probably the case. From the fact, however, that the 
yellowing was largely absent on the parts sprayed with Bordeaux 
mixture, ammoniacal solution, and ferrous ferrocyanide, it would appear 
that these treatments, either indirectly by their action on the soil, or 
directly by exerting some influence on the host, had enabled the first- 
formed leaves to perform their functions beyond the usual period. The 
explanation of the phenomenon, however, involves the discussion of 
physiological questions beyond the province of this paper. The only 
object in mentioning the matter at this point is to make clear the 
subsequent notes on the effects of the treatments. In view of the near 
approach of harvest it was decided to make no further treatments, but 
the observations were continued at intervals of four to eight days. 
These will be given under headings the same as in treatments. 
Observations on May 24, 25, and 26,1892. —Preparations were made 
on May 23 for a critical examination of every plat. A schedule of 
points to be noted was prepared and this was followed as nearly as 
possible throughout the examination. The schedule was as follows: 
(1) General condition. —Under this heading three things were consid¬ 
ered, namely, (a) size of plants, ( b) color of plants, and (c) number of 
plants to the plat. On a scale of 100, size was made to count 50 points, 
color 30 points, and number of plants to the plat 20 points. The stand¬ 
ard for size and number of plants to the plat was obtained from plants 
in an adjoining field. In considering color, the entire absence of yellow 
leaves, whether due to fungi or other causes, was taken as perfect, in 
this case giving 30 points. 
(2) Detailed condition. —In this case six things were considered, 
namely: (a) Size of plants, (b) amount of rust, (c) amount of Septoria 
graminum, (d) amount of other fungi, (e) amount of yellow foliage, and 
( f ) injury from the treatments. To obtain the size of the plants, meas¬ 
urements were made at three points in each plat and the average 
taken. It was planned to determine the amount of rust by an actual 
