229 
The remainder were then inoculated, June 20,1891, as follows: The earth 
was carefully removed from one of the roots aud a T-shaped incision was 
made down to the pericambium. A root about ^ inch in diameter was 
then selected from a rosetted tree and a curved cut made through the 
bark down to the pericambium, parallel to it tor about an inch, and 
then out again, in some cases including a thin shaving of wood. This 
graft was then crowded beneath the lips of the T-shaped cut and bound 
into place. The earth was then returned. These root grafts came from 
15 badly rosetted trees, and each one was taken from a separate root. 
Each tree furnished 4. grafts, making a total of 60. Presumably all of 
these roots were diseased, but such is not known to be the case. The 
inference rested on the fact that all of the leaves and shoot-axes were 
rosetted on each of the 15 trees. Nine of these trees were from Experi¬ 
ment 1 (Bull. No. 1), being seedlings in which the disease had been pro¬ 
duced by the previous year’s bud inoculations. The other 6 trees stood 
in a neighboring orchard, were 5 or 6 years old, contracted the disease 
naturally, and had been entirely healthy until the spring of 1891. The 
bark of the roots being much thicker than that of stems of the same 
size, considerable difficulty was experienced in getting the grafts into 
place, and consequently it was somewhat doubtful whether they would 
unite with the stock. 
These trees were examined November 12, 1891, i. e., four months and 
twenty-two days after the inoculation. All were free from rosette and 
healthy.* They were reexamined October 31, 1892. The conditions 
above ground were as follows: Seven trees were rosetted in all parts 
and already dead', 52 trees were healthy, 1 had been killed by borers 
and termites. All of the rosetted trees were grafted from the artifi¬ 
cially infected young trees. The 24 trees grafted from the naturally 
infected orchard trees remained sound. Three of the 7 rosetted trees 
Avere grafted from 1 tree, the other 4 Avere grafted from 4 other trees, 
making five sources of infection. After the above-ground conditions had 
been determined, the roots of each of the 60 trees Avere dug out, washed, 
and carefully examined. Although the grafting had taken place more 
than sixteen months previous, it was not difficult to find the scar, and 
in most cases the inserted graft was still in place. The result of this 
examination may be summed up as folloAvs: In the 7 rosetted trees the 
inserted graft had healed on and become an organic part of the root. 
In 5 healthy trees a very small fragment of the graft may have healed 
on, but this was doubtful, and can only be settled, if at all, by micro¬ 
tome sections and a careful study. The remainder of the graft was un¬ 
questionably throAvn out. In the rest, the inserted grafts wholly failed 
to unite Avith the root, but Avere generally in place in a shriveled or 
semi-decayed condition, the roots having healed under them. 
The symptoms appeared on the rosetted trees in the spring—April 
. ' i 
* Ill case of the above-ground inoculations of Experiment 1 (Bull. No. 1), more than 
50 per cent of the trees developed symptoms in four months and twelve days. 
