235 
carbonate was dissolved in 3 pints of concentrated ammonia (20°). 
This solution was diluted with 45 gallons of water. 
Modified eau celeste {new formula),*— In 10 to 12 gallons of water 4 
pounds of copper sulphate (crystals) were dissolved. To this solution 
was added 3 pints of concentrated ammonia (26°), and after stirring, 
this was diluted with water to 40 gallons. To this was added 6 to 8 
gallons of water in which had previously been dissolved 5 pounds of 
sal-soda. 
A cart sprayer holding about 50 gallons was used in these experi¬ 
ments, but for general field work a wagon tank similar to tanks in gen¬ 
eral use through southern California for the treatment of orange 
diseases, may be used. The pump should be of brass and kept well 
oiled, as the action of one of these sprays on metal is marked. The two 
lengths of spray hose should be about 24 feet long. To the free end of 
the hose was attached a piece of brass pipe 6 to 8 feet long and f of 
an inch in diameter. This pipe is light, not easily affected by the 
fungicides as is the iron tubing, and is fitted with a stopcock so that 
the flow may be checked at any moment. To the end of the tube is 
fitted the Nixon nozzle. When applying the ammoniacal copper car¬ 
bonate the No, 3 nozzle of this make works well; but it has been found 
that the brass netting used will not withstand the modified eau 
celeste. It is eaten through in a few moments and a suitable spray 
is no longer formed. The manufacturers have given assurance that 
they will have nozzles fitted with aluminium wire cloth the coming- 
season, and this will probably withstand all mixtures suitable for fun¬ 
gicides. 
It is very important that the mixtures be applied as a fine spray. 
When too coarse, the spray will collect in quantity on the leaves, and 
as a result they are burned. Further, there is a great loss of the fun¬ 
gicide when too coarse sprays are applied. Calm weather should 
always be selected for the treatment. In windy weather the trees will 
require nearly twice as much of the fungicide to properly reach all 
parts, and the work will not be done with the desired uniformity. 
With two length of hose 4 trees may be treated at each stand of the 
spray tank—2 on each side. All parts of the tree should be very 
thoroughly treated, both surfaces of the leaves as well as all of the 
branches. The light brass tube used is of great assistance in reaching 
the interior of the tree as well as the uppermost branches, 
PLAN OF TREATMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS, 
The trees included in these experiments were numbered from west to 
east. Trees numbered 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, and 19 were 
sprayed on April 15 with the ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate. 
Trees numbered 3., 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 20, and 21 were left untreated. 
* Differs from tlie ordinary modified ,ean celeste in the fact that ammonia is added 
before the sal soda. 
