236 
The treated trees required about 2 J gallons of the fungicide at the time 
of the first treatment, as they were tlieu in full leaf. When work was 
begun there was considerable wind blowing. Had it not been for this, 
2 gallons of spray would have done equally good work. The time re¬ 
quired to spray was eight to ten minutes for each tree. In calm 
weather five to eight minutes would be sufficient for a tree in full leaf, 
and four minutes for a tree not yet in leaf. The treated trees were 
carefully observed and it was not thought necessary to spray a second 
time until May 12. They were then treated with the same fungicide. 
This was the last treatment made, as the foliage retained the copper 
salts remarkably well and no heavy rains occurred later. 
Trees numbered 22, 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, and 33 were first treated with 
the modified eau celeste on April 15. Trees numbered 24, 25, 28, 29, 
32, and 34 were left untreated. The tops of the trees treated with this 
fungicide were, on the average, much larger than those treated with 
the ainmoniacal copper carbonate. From 2^ to 3 gallons of fungicide 
would be required for such trees if the work be conducted in still 
weather and the spray be fine. In the present experiment there was 
considerable wind blowing, and the nozzles were imperfect because of 
the action of the sprays on the tip. Hence more fungicide was used 
than would otherwise have been required. About eight minutes were 
consumed in spraying each tree thoroughly. 
After the first treatment there came a heavy rain. Nearly or quite 2 
inches of water fell. Shortly afterward the trees were examined care¬ 
fully, and it was found that the leaves were still well covered with the 
copper salts. A second thorough spraying was made with the same 
fungicide on May 12. From that time on the weather was dry, and the * 
foliage and limbs of the treated trees retained the copper so perfectly 
that no other sprayings were necessary. As late as August 3 the mix¬ 
ture showed distinctly on all parts of the treated trees. It thus appears 
that modified eau celeste is an admirable spray to adhere, and in 
this dry climate, after the close of the winter rains, fewer treatments of 
plants are needed than in the East, where summer rains occur. 
By June 14, the action of both the preceding sprays was evident. 
The leaves on untreated trees were becoming badly infested. The leaves 
on the outer twigs of the treated trees were also somewhat affected, 
but this was where infection had taken place from the branch previous 
to the first spraying. The main mass of foliage on nearly all treated 
trees was in excellent condition. On July 14 the results of the treat¬ 
ment were still more evident. The treated trees retained most of their 
foliage, while the untreated ones were rapidly becomingbare. Treated 
and untreated trees could be distinguished from a great distance. By 
August 1 the untreated trees were nearly bare, while the treated ones 
were yet in full leaf, with the exception of a few terminal twigs. 
On August 3 an examination of the entire 34 trees was made and 
the percentage of the foliage remaining on all the trees was carefully 
estimated. The following table gives the results of this examination; 
