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The first treatment should be given the naked trees, before they bloom. 
This treatment may be either with the modified eau celeste or the am- 
moniacal copper carbonate. Probably the last is preferable, as its 
presence is more easily detected, and it is well to be able to see if a 
sufficient deposit remains on the tree to prevent germination of spores 
at all times. This is especially necessary during the rainy season. 
The strength of this spray should be the same as that used in these 
experiments. 
A second and third spray should be given the trees after they are in 
full leaf. The second shortly after the leaves are well developed and 
the third about a month later or after the spring rains have ceased. In 
making these sprays there may be added 10 to 15 per cent more water 
than was used in the experiments. - Observations made on the treated 
trees lead to the conclusion that this reduction in strength would not 
detract to a serious extent from the fungicidal qualities of the sprays. 
It should always be borne in mind, however, that the treatment must 
be thorough to be effective. In case rains remove the copper salts after 
the third treatment another spraying should follow. 
The cost of treating trees will vary greatly, according to the prices 
paid for chemicals and labor. Where large quantities of chemicals are 
purchased the prices should range about as follows: 
Per pound. 
Ammonia (26°). $0.08 
Sal soda. 0.02 
Copper sulphate, crystals. 0.06 
Copper carbonate.. 0.40 
At the above prices the ammoniacal copper carbonate required for 
treating a medium-sized tree three times, in all 6 to 7 gallons, will be 
close to 5 or 6 cents. The same amounts of the modified eau celeste 
will cost, at these prices, from 7 to 9 cents. As before stated, when the 
carbonate of copper can be made at home the cost is reduced, sometimes 
as low as 18 to 20 cents per pound. With proper facilities, the time re¬ 
quired to spray a large almond tree in full leaf, in calm weather, should 
not exceed eight minutes, and four minutes should do the work on naked 
trees. This would give twenty minutes for three treatments in the 
season. Even this is probably allowing more time than would be given 
in general work. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 
Plate XVIII. Tree No. 18 treated with ammoniacal copper carbonate solution. 
Amount of foliage retained estimated at 97 per cent. From photo¬ 
graph taken August 3, 1892. 
Plate XIX. Tree No. 16 untreated. Estimated to have retained only 2 per cent 
of its foliage. From a photograph taken August 3, 1892. 
Plate XX. Tree No. 27 treated with modified eau celeste. Calculated to have 
retained 97 per cent of its foliage. From a photograph taken Au¬ 
gust 3, 1892, 
