296 
679. [Meehan, T.] Peach yellows. -^Meehan’s Monthly, vol. i, Germantown, Pa., 
Oct. 1891, p. 55, £ col. 
Considers disease due to Agaricus melleus. (J. F. J.) 
680. [Meehan, T.] Peach yellows. <^Meelian’s Monthly, vol. ii, Germantown, 
Pa., Peh. 1892, p. 27, i col. 
Refers to fears of spread of peach yellows in California. Considers disease due to Agari¬ 
cus melleus. “We would just as soon expect to hear of the peach yellows in California as 
we would to hear of an acre of pineapples being produced in Maine.” (J. F. J.) 
681 . Rathay, Emericii. Ueber eine merkwiirdige durch den Blitz an Vitis vinifera her- 
vorgerufene Erscheinung. <Denksclir. d. math, natnrw. Classe d. K. Akad. d. 
Wissenscli. Bd. lviii, Wien, 1891, pp. 26, pi. i-ii. 
An interesting and exhaustive paper on the remarkable effects produced by lightning on 
Vitis vinifera. The author discusses the autumnal coloration of grape foliage, the colora¬ 
tion as a result of mechanical injuries to the leaf veins, the petioles and shoots, coloration 
due to lightning and various questions concerning the effects of lightning on vines grown 
under glass. The paper concludes with the following summary: 
(1) According to observations hitherto made, lightning in graperies, as in herds of sheep, 
does not single out individuals but strikes large numbers; (2) the tips of shoots struck by 
lightning die, while the parts lower down survive, at least for some time; (3) the assertion 
of Colladon’s, which is doubted by Caspary, that the foliage of the vine is reddened by the 
effects of lightning, is correct in regard to all vines whose foliage shows red coloration in the 
fall; (4) the latter is peculiar to Vitis sylvestris , is furthermore to all purple and certain red 
varieties of Vitis vinifera and finally to certain, but by no means all purple, varieties of 
American vines ; (5) vines that redden in the autumn also do so as a result of mechanical 
injuries to the leaf-nerves, petioles, and stems. Girdling, bending, and partial severing of 
the latter, produces a red discoloration of all leaves above the injured parts; (6) the redden¬ 
ing of vine leaves after receiving mechanical injuries is not conditioned by a diminished 
transportation of water; (7) vine leaves, that assume a red color as a result of mechanical 
injuries, transpire much less than green leaves; (8) the red coloration of vine leaves caused 
by lightning, resembles in every respect that occurring as the result of mechanical injuries; 
(9) the change in color is only an indirect result of lightning caused by the latter killing the 
tissue found on the outside of the cambium in the middle pieces of numerous successive in¬ 
ternodes, which corresponds to a repeated girdling; (10) the cambium of the shoots affected 
by lightning continues to live and produces, in an outward direction, a callus within the 
deadened tissues, surrounded with cork, while in an inner direction it produces a ring of 
wood, which is separated from the older wood by a thin brown layer; (11) according to the 
observations of many, the berries struck by lightning dry up completely. (B. T. G.) 
082* Sahut, Felix. Les vegetaux consideres comme des thermometres enregistreurs. 
<Ann. Soc. (Fliort. et d’hist. nat. del’Herault, 2 s6r. tome xxm, Montpellier, 
May, June, 1891, pp. 158-178. 
Discusses the effect of cold on introduced plants from observations made in southern 
France during a period of more than thirty years. The conclusions are as follows: (1) All 
other conditions being the same, individuals whose wood is well ripened will resist cold more 
than those whose wood is not well ripened. Individuals of some tender species will be affected 
more or less by the same degree of cold according as they are in a more or less active state of 
vegetation. (2) Given a specific fall of temperatnre, plants, for the most part, at least, will 
he much more seriously affected if the air be moist than if it he dry. (3) With equal tem¬ 
peratures, other conditions remaining the same, the effects of cold will be more destructive 
if the trees and plants be violently shaken by the wind at the time of a great fall of tem¬ 
perature. Plants which will resist 12° in still air may freeze at 8° in windy weather. (4) 
The effects of a given lowering of temperature will he destructive in proportion to the per¬ 
sistence of the cold. (5) The resistance to cold of a woody plant increases in proportion to 
its arborescence. (0) In like conditions, also, a sickly plant will be more sensitive to cold 
than a healthy one. Chlorotic vines, for instance, are much more subject to cold than healthy 
ones placed side by side. (7) Observations must not be confined to a single individual. In di-f 
ierent individuals of every species the resistance to cold varies appreciably. The author 
believes it is possible by an intelligent selection carried on for a number of generations to 
create in many species of plants races less tender than those we are familar with. (E. F. S.) 
683. Smith, Erwin F. The peach rosette. <^Jour. Mycol., vol. vi, Washington, 
April 30, 1891, pp. 143-148, pi. viii-xiii. 
Describes a disease similar in its appearance and effects to peach yellows, mentioning 
points of resemblance and difference. Occurs in Georgia and Kansas. Does not consider it 
due to attacks of insects, as lias been supposed. The disease is contagious, and affected 
trees should be dug out and burned. (J. F. J.) 
684. Smith, Erwin F. What to do for peach yellows. <Mour. Mycol., vol. vi, Wash¬ 
ington, Mar., 1890, pp. 15-16. 
Mentions experiments made with fertilizers, which do not warrant recommending any 
special treatment. Only plan suggested is to dig out and burn affected trees. (J. F. J.) 
685. “Violet.” The violet disease. <Wm. Florist, vol. vi, Chicago and N. Y., Feb. 
18,1892, p. 590,1 col., lig. 1. 
Gives experience in raising violets and says, “keep the cold water off your violet foliage 
and you will have no disease.” (J. F. J.) 
