297 
686* Vochting, Hermann. liber die Abhangigkeit des Laubblattes von seiner Assimila- 
tions-Thatigkeit. <Bot. Zeit., 49 Jalirg., Leipzig, Feb. 20, 1891, pp. 113-125, 
Feb. 27, 129-143, pi. 1, (ill.) 
Experimented with Mimosa pudica , Solanum tuberosum , Tropceolum lobbianum , Doli- 
chospermum halicacabum, and an ornamental cucurbit. In all cases a part of the stem was 
placed in a space containing air free from CO 2 and exposed as usual to the sun. I 11 every 
case old leaves already formed when introduced into CO r free air turned yellow, a»d in many 
cases fell off. The young leaves formed in C0 2 -free air showed abnormal shape, size, and 
color, hut differed from etiolated leaves. Such leaves did not recover when the plant was 
placed in normal atmosphere again. Shows plainly that leaves are dependent on their own 
assimilation for growth beyond a certain stage of development, and also that they must 
assimilate to support themselves when fully grown. (W. T. S.) 
687. Wadsworth, C. D. Is the violet disease a myth? <Wmer. Florist, vol. vn, 
Chicago and N. Y., Dec. 31,1891, p. 443, £ col. 
Gives experience with violets and believes the so-called disease is due entirely to “wrong 
treatment, or some parasite, insect, or something of that nature attacking the plants.” 
(J.F. J.) 
688. Wadsworth, C. D. The violet disease. <(Am. Florist, vol. yii, Chicago and 
N. Y., Feb. 25, 1892, p. 624, £ col. 
States failure to grow violets and concludes it to be due to the soil used. (J. F. J.) 
(See also Nos. 739, 752, 758, 759, 766, 774, 775, 777, and 781.) 
0.—diseases due to fungi, bacteria, and myxomycetes. 
I.—RELATIONS OF HOST AND PARASITE. 
6S0. Arcangeli, G. Sopra i tubercoli radicale delle leguminose. <Wtti reale Accad. 
Lincei Anno 288, ser. 4, vol. vii, Rome, Mar. 15, 1891, pp. 223-227. 
Review of recent work on root tubercles of Leguminosse. Says Woronin did not dis¬ 
cover bacteria in the tubercles, but instead Gasparrini, who published in 1851 in Attiacmd. 
sc. d. Napoli, t. vi, as was recently noted by l’irotta. (W. T. S.) 
690. Darmst^edter, Ludwig. Der Schutz der Pflanzen und Thiere durch Wachse und 
Fette. <Prometheus, Jahr. 11 ., vol. xxxvi, Berlin, 1891, pp. 572-574. 
Looks upon wax forming the bloom in many plants and a thick coating in some, as a pro¬ 
tection against parasites. The wax is not glycerine-ether but combinations of fatty acids 
with higher fatty alcohols. (W. T. S.) 
69 1 • Kionka, H. Die Wurzelknollchen der Leguminosen zusammenfassender Bericht iiber 
die Gesammte diesbeziigliche Litteratur mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der neueren. 
<Biol. Centralbl. Bd. xi, Leipzig, June 1891, pp. 282-291. 
A good resumb of recent work on the subject of root tubercles of Leguminoste. 
(W.T. S.) 
692. Magnin, Ant. Sur quelques effects du parasitisme chez les vegetaux. <Comp. 
rend. Acad. d. Sci,, vol. cxm, Paris, Nov. 30,1891, pp. 784-786. 
In reply to criticisms by M. Vuillemin, M. Magnin explains that in speaking of the 
smutted tiowers of Lychnis aioica, he used the term hermaphrodite in a morphological 
rather than physiological sense. The anthers are not tilled with pollen grains hut always 
with spores of Ustilago. Some additional facts confirm M. Yuillemin's observations: (1) 
The possibility of local infection, suspected by M. Rose and verified by M. Vuillemin, must 
also be admitted for Euphorbia cyparissias and E. verrucosa, emasculated by JJromyces pisi 
and 77. scutellatus; (2) as in case of L. dioica, the parasite which causes stamens to appear 
in the neuter tiowers in Muscari comosum only increases the size of organs which exist 
already in a more or less atrophied form in the neutral tiowers of healthy plants; (3) ovaries 
have never been observed in the smutted staminate flowers of Lychnis vespertina or Muscari 
comosum and this is another proof that whenever such changes take place the rudiments 
of the organs must have been present. The smut exerts a remarkable indirect effect on the 
peduncles of the staminate flowers in Lychnis. In the healthy staminate plant the flower 
falls early and the peduncle quickly dries. On the contrary m the pistillate plant the 
peduncle persists until after the dissemination of the seeds. Now, in parasitized staminate 
flowers the peduncle also persists quite a long time after anthesis, simulating the pistillate 
flowers. (E. F. S.) 
693. [Meehan, T.] Bacteria and plant diseases. <Meehan’s Monthly, vol. 11 , German¬ 
town, Pa., Jan., 1892, p. 8, £ col. 
Notes general belief that bacteria are sole cause of disease. This has not been demon¬ 
strated. Believes they may hasten disease in plants while not causing it. (J. F. J.) 
694. Taylor, John. Grafting reputed blight-proof apples on blighty stocks. <Agric, 
Gaz. N. S. Wales, vol. 11 , April, 1891, p. 224. 
Mentions successful experiment made in grafting reputed blight-proof apples on “ blighty ” 
stocks. (M. V.) * 
(See also Nos. 711, 807, 855, 871, 873, 894, and 981.) 
