315 
873. Bolley, H. L. Wheat rust—is the infection local or general in origin ? <(Agric. 
Science, vol. v, Nov. and Dec., 1891, La Fayette, Ind., pp. 259-264. 
Gives result of inquiries and details of experiments made to ascertain whether wheat rust 
mycelium persists in the tissues of host plants through the winter, and at what time the 
rust appears on the grain. Does not think spraying will be effectual in preventing rust. 
The uredospores are the chief agents of infection and may he carried for miles through the 
air without loss of vitality, and. the general infection of fields throughout the country is 
thus accounted for. (J. F. J.) 
874. Bourquelot, Em. Matieres sucr6es contenues dans les champignons. <^Bull. Soc. 
Mycol., France, vol. 7, fasc. 4, Paris, Dec. 31, 1891, pp. 222-232. 
Mannite was found in the following: Psalliota arvensis Schfeff., young; Tricholoma album 
Schfett'., adult; T. sulfureum Bull., young, adult; T. resplendens Fr., adult; Lepiota excoriata 
Schaeff., young; Hydnum repandum L., young, adult; H: squamosum Schneft'., adult; 
Clavaria pistillaris L., adult; G.formosa Pers., young. Trehalose was found in the follow¬ 
ing: young, Hypholoma elceodes Paul., H. capnoides Fr., Stropharia ceruginosa Curt., 
Flammula alnicola Fr., Hebcloma sinapizans Fr., H. crustuluniforme Bull., Claudopus 
variabilis Pers., Pleurotus ostrcatus Jacq., Mycena polygramma Bull., M. galericulata Scop., 
Collybia longivcs Bull., Clitocybe invena Scop., G. geotropa Bull., Tricholoma cinerascens 
Bull., Lepiota excoriata Schaeff., Amanita strobiliformis Yitt., A. nitida Fr., Bolbitus hy- 
drophilus Fr., Coprinus micaceus Bull., C.atramentarius Bull., Cortinarius obtusus Fr., G. 
imbutus Fr., C. qxsammocephalus Bull., G. armillatus Fr., C. torvxis Fr., C. cinnaxnomeus L., 
G. sublanatus Sow., G. elatior Fr., G. ccerulescens Schaeff., G. glaxicopus Schaeff., G. variicolor 
Pvrs., G. cyanopus Secret., G. crocolitus Quel., G. cirgxitus Fr., Hydnum repandum L. 
(E. A. S.) 
87*5. Bourquelot, Em. Surla presence de l’amidon dans un champignon appartenant 
a la famille des Polyporees, le Boletus pachypus, Fr. < Jour. Pharm. et cliimie, 
5 e s6r., t.xxiv, Paris, Sept., 1891, pp. 197-199. 
Reports presence in the cells of the pseudoparenchyma of Boletus pachypus of a sub¬ 
stance which gives starch reaction with iodine. This substance appears to be in an insoluble 
state apparently as an impregnation of the membrane. Refers to work of Belzung and L. 
Rolland on the subject. (D. G. F.) 
876. Bourqelot, Em. Surla repartition des matieres sucrees dans le cepe comestible 
(Boletus edulis, Ball.) et le cepe orange (Boletus aurantiacus, Bull.). <Mour. Pliar. 
et Cliimie, 5 e ser. t. xxiv., Paris, Dec. 15, 1891, pp. 521-524. 
Gives analyses of stipe, pileus and tubes, of the hymenium of Boletus aurantiacus Bull, 
and B. edidis Bull. Finds that the stipe and pileus of these species alone contain the starch 
glucose or mannite , while the tubes of the hymenium remain free from these reserve mate¬ 
rials. Reasons that these reserve materials are not present in this portion because con¬ 
sumed in the manufacture of the spores. Thinks this also explains the absence of dipterous 
larvae from the hymenium. Refers to previous work on subject. (See ser. 5, t. XIX, p. 369; 
t. XXII, 413, 497. (D. G. F) 
877. Brefeld, Oscar. Recent investigations of smut fungi and smut diseases. <(Jour. 
Mycol., vol. vi, Washington, May 14,1890. pp.1-8; Sept. 10,1890, pp. 59-71; 
April 30, 1891, pp. 153-164. 
A translation of an address delivered in Berlin before the Society of Agriculturists in 
February, 1888. Deals with the nature of parasites causing smut, their mode of development, 
methods of cultivation, manner of infection, and general life history. (J. F. J.) 
878. Cavara;F. Note sur le parasitisms de quelques champignons. <(Rev. Mycol., 
vol. xiii, Toulouse, Oct., 1891, pp. 177-180. 
Cites the following instances of fungi, which usually live as saprophytes, becoming para¬ 
sitic to such an extent as to be decidedly injurious to vegetation: Botrytis vulgaris on 
branches of Gitrus, Dahlia, and Pelargonium zonale; Botrytis n. sp. on Tulip a gemeriana; 
Gladosporium lierbarum on raspberry, Oycas revoluta , Fourcroya gigantea, Agave americana, 
A. salmiana, and A. rigida; Polyporus xdmarius on elm roots. (E. A. S.) 
879. Char iti nt, A. La nature des secretions microbiennes. <Miev. Gen. Sci. pure et 
appliq., 2 aim., Paris, Mar. 15, 1891, pp. 129-134. 
General discussion of the subject. (E. F. S.) 
880. Constantin, J. Etude sur la culture des basidiomycete3. <(Rev. G6n. d. Bot., t. 
3, Paris, Dec. 15, 1891, pp. 497-511, pi. 1. 
After discussing in a general way the well-knowui methods of ancient and modern mush¬ 
room culture the author gives the results of his investigations upon the cultivation in nu¬ 
trient media of Nyctalis lycoperdoides and Harasmixis olcce. Succeeded in producing from 
clilamydospores fully developed specimens of Nyctalis, with mature basidia, in this regard 
surpassing Brefeld in his cultivations of the same species. Uses as nutrient substrata upon 
which to grow the first species sterile slices of potato dipped in orange juice, slices of car¬ 
rot, slices of turnip, leaves of the oak and beech, and fragments of other basidiomyceteous 
fungi. Finds the behavior of Nyctalis upon various substrata as indicative of tlie uncer¬ 
tain ground upon which N. caliginosa, N. nauseosa , and N. microphylla stand and reports the 
variation under different conditions of nourishment as very great. Finds, contrary to Bre¬ 
feld, that spores of Nyctalis germinate easily upon the most diverse media and the parasit¬ 
ism of the species hinted at by Brefeld is made doubtful. In the cultivation of Marasmius 
the author used sterilized olive leaves and obtained pure spores by allowing basidiospores 
to fall in small glass plates filled with sterile water placed beneath the pilous. Suggests 
possible application of pure artificial cultures to the industry. (D. G. F.) 
