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water makes the 50 gallons. If a greater or less amount of stock solu¬ 
tion is to be made up, the vessel must first be measured and a mark 
made to indicate the required amount, and then the solution made up 
to this mark. For example, if 40 pounds of copper is desired in stock 
solution, do not add 20 gallons of water to it, because the resulting- 
solution would then contain more than 20 gallons, but instead make a 
20-gallon measure on some convenient vessel and make the solution up 
to the 20-gallon mark. 
The lime may also be kept ready mixed for use. It should be slaked 
and run off as a paste, and should then be stored in barrels buried in 
the ground. A tight barrel should be placed beside the copper sulphate 
barrel and filled about one-fourth full of the lime paste, and then water 
should be added until the barrel is nearly full. 
In making up the Bordeaux mixture it is only necessary to draw off 
the required amount of copper solution and pour it into the tank while 
it is being filled with water. When the tank is nearly full add several 
pailfuls of the milk of lime, obtained by stirring the lime paste and 
water together, allowing it to settle a few seconds and then dipping it off. 
By using the yellow prussiate of potash test* it is easy to determine 
when sufficient lime has been added. The operator soon learns the cor¬ 
rect color of the mixture, and this serves as a guide as to when to make 
the test. All the material which goes into the tank should be strained 
through a sieve. In the case in question a sieve was made by tacking 
a square foot of rather heavy brass wire netting, with meshes 20 to the 
inch, over the end of a funnel-shaped box. 
The spraying outfit used was a 150-gallon hogshead, mounted on a 
wagon. In it was placed a Ho. 2 Nixon pump, supplied with two hose, 
each 24 feet long, and a G-foot brass tube, with stopcock and Yermorel 
nozzle. One man drove and pumped while two men directed the spray. 
As they passed between the rows each man sprayed one side of a row. 
The brass tubes enabled them to cover the trees thoroughly from the 
ground, except the tops of a few of the tallest. The nozzles gave a 
fine, misty spray. The endeavor was to touch every part of the tree 
with the spray, but only for an instant. It was generally necessary to 
stop the team a few seconds at a few of the trees, but the greater part 
of the work was done while the team was moving slowly along. If the 
trees had been small they could have been covered without stopping. 
Two outfits as described above were used in the work, and it took twelve 
days to go over the entire orchard once. It was sprayed four times, the 
cost of the whole workf being about as follows: 
*This test is simply the addition of a few drops of a solution of ferrocyanide of 
potassium. This solution is made by dissolving one-half ounce of the substance in 
2 or 3 ounces of water, and if on the addition of a few drops to the Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture a brownish color appears, more lime should be added. 
t The entire expense of the work herein described was borne by the Old Dominion 
Fruit Company. 
