405 
1054. Peck. D. E. Fruit tree sun-scald. <Orange Judd Farmer, vol. xi, Chicago, 
Mar. 12, 1892, p. 164, £ col. 
Argues against excessive trimming of fruit trees in the Northwest, as the hot afternoon 
sun is liable to produce sun-scald if the top be too open. (J. F. J.) 
1055. Peringuey, L. Disease in orange trees. <Agr. Jour. Cape Colony, Cape 
Town, Apr. 23, 1891, pp. 192-194. 
Describes a disease in which the leaves become yellow, a gum exudes from the bark above 
the ground, and the roots when exposed give out an offensive smell. The trouble occurs in 
all situations, and is supposed to be due to a fungous parasite. (J. F. J.) 
1050. Robinson, Norman. The “die-back” question again. <^Fla. Disp. Farm, and 
Fruit Grower, n. ser., vol. iv, Jacksonville, May 5, 1892, pp. 352-353. 
Considers the disease in the greater number of cases due to “ill-balanced or defective fertili¬ 
zation.” Gives analyses of various kinds of soil, and thinks that in one case at least the 
cause of the disease was defective drainage of the subsoil.- Believes that the application of 
lime to the surface and good drainage below the surface will be beneficial. (J, F. J.) 
105 * 7 . Tayler, Will. Cracks and spots on pears. <Tlard. Clirou., 3d ser., vol. 
xi, Feb. 6, 1892, London, p. 180, -J col. 
Thinks that climatic influences, such as an east wind, are the most important causes of dis¬ 
eases of plants. In case of the pear, states that the strongest predisposing cause is a crude 
infertile subsoil. In a note by the editor the appearance of injuries caused by Funicladium 
and Gymnosporangium are briefly described. (M. B. W.) 
1058. Tepper, J. G. O. “Take-all,” and its remedies. <Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales, vol. 
ill, Sydney, Jan , 1892, pp. 69-72. 
Describes the appearance of a field affected by the disease, and notes that it has been 
variously ascribed to fungi, insects, frost, inefficient fertilization, etc. Sketches the gene¬ 
ral needs of plants for growth, and concludes that the disease is due to starvation. Gives 
instances where manuring or fertilizing had prevented it, and advocates use of manure for 
its prevention. (J. F. J.) 
1059. Van Deman, H. S. The relative merit of various stocks for the orange. <Div. of 
Pomol. Bull. No. 4, U. S. Dept. Agr., Washington, 1891, pp. 1-17. 
Notes that sour stock is generally free from disease, especially Mai di goma, and recom¬ 
mends the grafting of budded stock on it rather than on sweet. Sour seedlings are affected 
by leaf-scab, but when budded the danger from this is over, as the disease does"not affect the 
sweet top. Ammoniacal solution of copper recommended for trial. Mai di goma occurs in 
Louisiana among sweet seedlings, and is there known as “sore shin.” In California it has 
ueen treated by cutting out diseased wood and painting with rubber paint. Sour stock is 
used there also._ For a xepriut of the article, together with notes on Mai di goma , by AY. It. 
King see No. 353; also Agr. Gaz. N. S. AVales, vol. in. Sydney, Feb., 1892, pp. 129-141. 
(J. h. J.) 
1060. [Various.] Black-knot. <Ann. Kept. State Board Hort. of Cal. for 1891, 
Sacramento, 1892, pp. 431-432. 
A discussion on black-knot of roots of nursery stock and grapevines, some stating the 
cause to be moisture, others that the trouble is due to the stagnation of sap or burstinir of 
sap vessels. ( J. F. J.) & 
(See also Nos. 1005,1010,1068,1108,1212. ) 
C.—DISEASES DUE 
TO FUNGI, BACTERIA, AND MYXOMYCETES. 
I.-RELATIONS OF HOST AND PARASITE. 
1061. Burrill, T. J. What are the possibilities of originating a class of pears exempt from 
blight? <Proc. Aui. Pom. Soc. for 1891, 23d session, 1891, pp. 66-70. 
Notes the cause of blight to be a microorganism (Micrococcxis amylovorus) and describes 
its general appearance and mode of growth. Believes it possible to overcome blight, and 
suggests testing the ability of different varieties of pears to resist blight bv inoculation. 
(J. F. J.) 
106 * 2 . C [ookeJ, M. C. Fungi on various trees. <Gard. Citron., 3d ser., vol. ix, Lon¬ 
don, Jan. 24, 1891, p. 123, i col. 
Notes that various species of Polyporei occurring on trees attack only decayed places, and 
not the living, healthy tissues. (J. F. J.) 
