411 
1105. Chester, F. 1).—Continued. 
preparing and applying the various fungicides used, and the spraying apparatus necessary 
is described. In experiments upon pear and quince leaf-blight, it was found that modified 
eau celeste, and carbonate of copper and carbonate of ammonia mixture gave the best 
results and were the two cheapest fungicides employed. An experiment with potato rot 
( Phytophthora infeatans) is described, and Bordeaux mixture is noted as effectually con¬ 
trolling the disease. Bitter rot of the apple was experimented with, and sulphide of potas¬ 
sium gave fairly good results when used in the proportion of one-half ounce per gallon of 
water. Gives the results of a study of leaf spot of alfalfa produced by Pseudopeziza medi- 
caginis , describing characters and life history as shown by artificial cultures. Rot of scarlet 
clover caused by Sclerotinia trifolium a so described and its life history discussed. Scab of 
wheat caused by Fusarum culmorum described. Black rot of sweet potato ( Ceratocystis 
fimbriata ) was experimented with, and it was found that diseased soil will produce the 
<lisease even in healthy roots, that the soil can be rendered free of germs by sterilization or 
heat, and that plants grown from diseased tubers will probably become diseased. (J. F. J.l 
HOG. Cobb [N. A.]. [Fungous diseases of fruit trees], <Dept. Agr. N. S. Wales, 
Bull. No. 4, Sydney, Feb., 1891, pp. 19-22. 
A general statement as to damage caused by fungi and their mode of growth and dissemi¬ 
nation. Particular mention made of Windsor pear blight, thought to be caused by same fun¬ 
gus, a s that causing apple scab, and for which ammoniacal copper carbonate is recommended; 
shot-hole fungus; bitter rot of apple, for which carbonate of copper and sulphide of potas¬ 
sium is recommended; strawberry leaf-blight, to be treated with Bordeaux mixture or 1 
pound hyposulphite of soda in 10 gallons of water before disease appears; anthracnose of 
the vine, leaf spot, fire blight, peach rust, plum rust, and fig blight were incidentally men¬ 
tioned. Peach rust sometimes goes by the name of yellowsT (J. F. J.) 
HOY. Cobb, N. A. Plant diseases and how to prevent them. <Wgr. Gaz. N. S. 
Wales, vol. iii, Sydney, Apr., 1892, pp. 276-303, pi. 4, figs. 26. 
Treats of the diseases mentioned below, giving sketch of life history of the fungus 
and recommendations of preventives. (1) Of the apple: (a) Apple scab or “Tasmanian 
black spot,’ caused by Fusicladium dendriticum , for which is recommended ammoniacal 
carbonate of copper, modified eau celeste, or Bordeaux mixture; (b) powdery mildew, 
caused by Podospbcera kunzei Lev., for which ammoniacal carbonate of copper or modified 
eau celeste are recommended; (c) bitter or ripe rot, caused by Gloeosporium versi-color B. 
& C., and treated with ammoniacal cop er carbonate; (d) moldy core, treated by modified 
eau celeste or ammoniacal copper carbonate; (e) water core; (/) an obscure disease causing 
the fruit to become distorted and misshapen. (2) Diseasesof nears: (a) Pear scab or Wind¬ 
sor pear-blight, caused by Fusicladium pyrinum and treated by same fungicides as apple 
scab; (b) leaf-blight (Entomosporium maculatum) , which has not appeared in Australia 
(3) Shot-hole disease of apricot and other stone fruits, caused by rhyllosticta circumscissa 
and treated with Bordeaux mixture, ammoniacal copper carbonate, or eau celeste. (4) Dis¬ 
eases of the vine: (a) Anthracnose or “black spot,” caused by Gloeosporium ampelinum 
Sacc., and treated by cutting ofi and burning affected parts, using lime and sulphur and 
applying Bordeaux mixture or eau celeste; (b) tufted leal'-blight, caused by Cercospora viti- 
cola, for which Bordeaux mixture is recommended. (5) Strawberry leaf-blight, caused by 
Sphcerella fragarice , for which burning the diseased leaves and spraying with Bordeaux 
mixture or ammonia carbonate of copper is recommended. (G) Pumpkin-leaf Oidium, 
caused bv O. erysiphoides, treated with fiowers of sulphur or Bordeaux mixture. (7) Pow¬ 
dery mildew of rose, caused by Sphcerotheca pannosa and treated with fiowers of sulphur or 
Bordeaux mixture. The formula for carbonate of copper and descriptions of spraying appa¬ 
ratus are also given. (J. F. J.) 
1108. C OBB, N. A. Plant diseases and how to prevent them. <^Agr. Gaz. N. S. 
Wales, vol. iii, Sydney, June, 1892, pp. 436-439, tigs. 3. 
Describes, (1) “Pourridie or moldy root of the vine,” caused by Agaricus melleus; recom¬ 
mends as a remedy thorough drainage. (2) Tufted leaf-blight of the bean, caused by a fungus 
which is not named; recommends rotation of crops and advises trial of Bordeaux mixture. 
(3) Apple canker, caused by some mechanical injury to the bark which is seized upon by 
some fungus and the healing thereby prevented. Pruning and the use of whitewash are 
recommended as remedies. (J. F. J.) 
1109. Craig, John. A destructive disease affecting native plums. <[Ottawa Nat., vol. 
vi, Ottawa, Nov., 1892, pp. 109-112, fig. 1. 
Refers to disease caused by Cladosporium carpophilum and quotes description given by 
Pammel, of Iowa. Describes the characters and notes the varieties affected. Recommends 
nse of weak solution of copper sulphate, 1 ounce to 25 gallons of water. (J. F. J.) 
1110. Craig, J. Fusicladium on cherry. ^Ottawa Nat., vol. vi, Ottawa, Nov., 1892, 
p. 115. 
Refers to the presence of Fusicladium dendriticum on the fruit and foliage of cherry 
causing great loss where occurring. (J. F. J.) 
1111. Division of Vegetable Pathology. Pear blossom-blight. <Fla. Disp. Farm, 
and Fruit Grower, n. ser.,vol. iv, Jacksonville, Apr. 21, 1892, p. 304, £ col- 
A letter written from the U. S. Department of Agriculture to L. B. Wombwell, State 
commissioner of agriculture, describing the method of spread of the disease by insects. 
Its spread through the orchard may possiblv be prevented by spraying at the time of 
blooming. (J. F. J.) 
