421 
1207. - Pammel, L. H. Experiments with fungicides. <(Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. [AmesJ 
Bull. No. 16, Des Moines, Feb., 1892, pp. 315-329, figs. 3. 
Gives details of experiments to prevent corn smut, and records negative results when seed 
was treated by 1 lot-water method. Soaking in ammoniacal copper carbonate solution gave 
partially favorable results, but copper sulphate the reverse. Experiments to ascertain if 
copper salts were injurious to vegetation were made with Bordeaux mixture, ammoniacal 
carbonate of copper, eau chlesie, modified eau celeste, and ferrous sulphate, each in three 
different strengths. Injury to roots was most marked in the use of ammoniacal carbonate 
of copper. Itust of wheat is described and details are given of several treatments for pre¬ 
vention. Ammoniacal carbonate of copper and Bordeaux mixture were both used, but 
neither prevented rust (see Science, vol. xix, Jan. 8,1892, p. 22; Exp. Sta. Rec., vol. hi, June, 
1892, pp. 787-788). (J.E.J.) 
1208. Pearson, A. N. Rust in wheat. <Dept. Agr. Victoria, Bull. No. 14, Mel¬ 
bourne, Dec., 1891, pp. 12-15. 
Mentions the results of experiments on sixty-five plats of wheat made at Port Fairy on rust 
in wheat. Ferrous sulphate was the only substance that had any useful effect." It was 
recommended, however, to sow early and use rust-resisting varieties of grain. (J. F. J.) 
1200 . Pearson, A. N., etal., Committee. Report on Smith Ellis’s scheme for preventing 
rust in wheat. <Dept. Agr. Victoria, Bull. No. 14, Melbourne, Dec., 1891, pp. 
119-125. 
An adverse criticism of a plan advocated by Mr. Smith Ellis to prevent wheat rust, in 
which it is shown that the author is not conversant with the history of the fungus causing 
the disease, and concluding with the statement that he had failed to satisfy any of the com¬ 
mittee that his so-called specific was in reality such. (J. F. J.) 
1210 . Pichi, P. Alcuni esperimenti fisiopatologici sulla vite in relazione al parassitismo 
della peronospora. Nota prima. <Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. (Bull. d. Soc.), vol. 
xxiii, Firenze, Apr. 6,1891, pp. 361-366. 
Reports on preliminary laboratory and field experiments planned with a view of ascer¬ 
taining if copper sulphate may not be absorbed by the vine through the roots, and transferred 
to the leaves, where its presence will form an obstacle to the entrance of the hyphae of the Per¬ 
onospora. In laboratory experiment branches of healthy vines were kept in vases contain¬ 
ing various strengths of copper sulphate sol utions, together with proper controls. Both sets 
being treated with sowings of the zoospores of Peronospora, several of those in pure water 
were attacked by the parasite, while those in copper solutions were immune. In field experi¬ 
ments both solutions, of various strength, and the powdered copper sulphate were used, both 
being placed at the base of each vine, at the rate of from 2.5 grams to 1.25 kilograms per vine. 
The results of this treatment, while by no means proving an immunity from the disease caused 
by the presence of the sulphate, encourage the author in his hopes that such a method may 
be followed with success. Records the remarkable well-nigh impossible presence of crystals 
of copper sulphate in the leaves or branches maintained in a solution of the salt for twenty 
days. (D, G. F.) 
1211. Smith, F. C,, Sage, W., and Robin, A. B. [Report of experiments on fungous dis¬ 
eases of fruit trees at Angaston.] <TSouth Australia Register, Nureootpa, 
Mar. 30,1892. 
Gives a summary of the results of experiments for apple and pear scab, shot-hole fungus 
of apricot, and peach leaf-curl. The fungicides used were ammoniacal copper carbonate solu¬ 
tion, eau c61este, and Bordeaux mixture. Ammoniacal copper carbonate appeared to reduce 
apple scab. Bordeaux mixture gave the best results with shot-hole fungus of the apricot. 
None were useful in preventing pear scab, while all were effectual in treating peach leaf-curl. 
One sprayed peach tree that had for years been affected with curl was entirely free from it 
and produced 400 pounds of fruit. The knapsack pump is recommended for spraying. 
(J. F. J.) 
1212. Shore, Robt. Root knot on begonias. <Am. Florist, vol. vii, Chicago and New 
York, Feb. 25, 1892, p. 626, £ col. 
States that there is no cure for the disease, but that it can be prevented by baking the soil 
or sprinkling lime with it before planting. Recommends sprinkling with iimewater every 
eight or ten days. (J. F. J.) 
1213. Shutt, F. T. Report on the effect of solutions of copper sulphate (blue vitriol), iron 
sulphate (green vitriol), and agricultural bluestone on the vitality of seed wheat. 
<^Ann. Rept. Exp. Farms for 1890, Ottawa, 1891, pp. 146-148. 
Gives details of treatment with solutions of varying strengths, both sulphate of iron and 
agricultural bluestone, this last (composed of one-third copper sulphate and two-thirds iron 
sulphate), seriously injuring the vitality when used in a solution of 1 pound to 8 gallons of 
water and immersed for thirty-six hours. Treated with the same quantity of sulphate of 
iron, the vitality was 96.5 as against 55.5 and 40 per cent for bluestone and sulphate of 
copper, respectively. Sprinkling the seed with the three solutions gave 99.0. 79.5, and 72.5 
per cent, respectively. The result of the experiment shows that sulphate of iron did not 
materially affect the vitality of seed wheat, while copper sulphate and agricultural blue- 
stone did. Loose smut appeared on all the plats treated. The seed was allowed to dry 
for thirteen days before being sown. (J. F. JJ 
