154 Cockroaches, Locusts, Grasshoppers, and Crickets 
and they dislike to take to wing, trusting, when alarmed, to spry leaping or 
clever wriggling away and hiding among the lush grasses. Their green 
color of course aids very much in protecting them from enemies. They 
include three common genera, viz.: 
Conocephalus (Figs. 207 and 208), or 
cone-headed grasshoppers or sword- 
bearers with head produced into a 
long, pointed, forward-projecting, cone¬ 
like process, slender body, and very 
Fig. 210.—A common meadow grasshop- long, slender, straight or angled, sword- 
per , Orchelimum vulgare, male. (After like ovipositor; Orchelimum (Figs. 209 
Lugger; natural size indicated by line.) , x ,, , , , , 
J and 210), the stout meadow grasshop¬ 
pers, with blunt head, robust body, and short, slightly curved ovipositor; 
and Xiphidium (Fig. 211), the slender or lance-tailed meadow grasshoppers, 
with blunt head, small and slender, graceful body, and nearly straight, 
slender ovipositor, sometimes larger than the body. The eggs of all these 
Fig. 2ii.—T he lance-tailed grasshopper, Xiphidium attenuatum , female. 
(After Lugger; natural size indicated by line.) 
are laid usually in the stems or root-leaves of grasses, or the pith of twigs. 
The color is usually green, but a few are light reddish brown. The song 
of the males is faint and soft, and is made by day as much as by night. 
Fig. 212. Fig. 213. 
Fig. 212.— Udeopsylla robusta, female. (After Lugger; nat. size indicated by line.) 
Fig. 213.—The spotted wingless grasshopper, Ceutophilus maculatus, female. (After 
Lugger; natural size indicated by line.) 
The family Locustidae includes numerous wingless forms, some with 
no remaining trace of wing-covers or wings, some with rudimentary or scale- 
